Like many of the streets in the Journal it was in transition, with aristocratic houses giving way to merchants and tradesmen.

MONUMENT (Ward 7) p. 80. Column on Fish Street Hill to commemorate the Great Fire. Designed by Wren, it was completed in 1676. Defoe thought it better than ‘all the Obelisks and Pillars of the Ancients, at least that I have seen’ (Tour, i. 333).

MOORFIELDS p. 199. Low-lying marshy ground to the north outside the City Wall; ‘noysome and offensive’ until improved from the early seventeenth century. See also Bethlehem Hospital.

MOSES AND AARON ALLEY pp. 149, 155. Schonhorn finds no evidence of it before 1676. It ran north from Whitechapel Street.

MOUNT MILL pp. 79, 198. Running east from Goswell Street (see above); site of a Parliamentary fort in 1642–3 and a plague pit in 1665.

NEWGATE (Ward 19) p. 207. Last of the gateways to the City, probably post-Roman. Destroyed by fire several times before 1666, rebuilt in 1672, and demolished in 1767.

NEWGATE MARKET (Ward 19) p. 207. Defoe’s assertion that there was ‘no such place’ before the Great Fire is misleading. There was a meat market there before 1666 with some butchers’ shops and it remained as a meat market until the formation of the Central Market at Smithfield in 1868.

NEWGATE PRISON (Ward 19) p. 80. Restored shortly before the Great Fire, in which it burned down. The new building began to operate from 1672 and its external magnificence contrasted with the dire conditions within that led Fielding to describe it as the ‘prototype of hell’.

NEWINGTON p. 115. From the 1660s, a semi-rural centre to the north for Nonconformist clergy unable to minister in the City after the Act of Uniformity. At Newington Green, Defoe attended Charles Morton’s academy.

NORWOOD p. 99. Surrounded by woodland until the nineteenth century, now part of Lambeth and Croydon.

OLD BETHLEM (Ward 5) p. 199. Running west from Bishopsgate Street towards the Old Bethlem burying ground mentioned by Defoe.

OLD-FORD pp.