Hannibal

HANNIBAL

Ernle Bradford

Copyright © Ernle Bradford 1981

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 

The author and publishers wish to thank the following who have kindly given permission for the use of copyright material:

 

Doubleday & Co. Inc. for an extract from The Odyssey translated by Robert Fitzgerald;

Evans Brothers Ltd. for an extract from Enemy of Rome by L. Cottrell; Robert Hale Ltd. for an extract from Carthage by B. H. Warmington; The Loeb Classical library (William Heinemann Ltd.: Harvard University Press) for extracts from the Foster translation of Livy and the Patton translation of Polybius;

Oxford University Press for an extract from Hannibal’s March in History by Dennis Procter;

Penguin Books Ltd. for an extract from Juvenal: The Sixteen Satires translated by Peter Green (Penguin Classics, revised edition, 1974). Copyright © Peter Green, 1974;

A. D. Peters & Co. Ltd. on behalf of Thomas Dorey and Donald Dudley for an extract from Rome Against Carthage published by Seeker & Warburg Ltd.;

Thames & Hudson Ltd. for extracts from Hannibal and Alps and Elephants by G. de Beer;

University Tutorial Press Ltd. for an extract from History of Rome by Allcroft and Masom.

 

The author also wishes to acknowledge with grateful thanks the help of the staff of the London Library. 

 

 

 

CHRONOLOGY

 

BC

247—Hamilcar Barca takes command in Sicily during 1st Punic War. Hannibal born in Carthage.

244—Hamilcar occupies Mount Eryx in western Sicily.

242—Roman victory at sea over Carthaginians off Aegadian islands.

241—End of 1st Punic War.

240—Revolt of Carthaginian mercenaries.

237—Revolt suppressed by Hamilcar.

237-6—Hamilcar and son Hannibal leave North Africa for Spain.

235-30—Extension of Carthaginian empire in Spain.

230—Hamilcar killed. Son-in-law Hasdrubal succeeds command.

226—Agreement between Hasdrubal and Rome, limiting Carthaginian expansion in Spain to south of Ebro river.

221—Hasdrubal assassinated. Hannibal succeeds command.

219—Hannibal takes Saguntum.

218—2nd Punic War begins. Hannibal crosses the Alps and defeats the Romans at Trebia river.

217—Hannibal destroys army of Consul Flaminius at Lake Trasimene.

216—Hannibal annihilates consular armies at Cannae. Many southern allies of Rome secede. Capua becomes Hannibal’s headquarters.

215—Roman Treasury bankrupt. Hiero of Syracuse dies. Succeeded by Hieronymus. Syracuse goes to war against Rome.

214—Hieronymus assassinated. Hostilities start in Sicily.

213—Marcellus sacks Leontini and besieges Syracuse. Tarentum secedes to Hannibal.

212—Marcellus takes Syracuse. Archimedes killed.