Nine or ten times
     I had thought t’have yerked5 him here under the ribs.

OTHELLO   ’Tis better as it is.

IAGO   Nay, but he prated7
     And spoke such scurvy8 and provoking terms
     Against your honour
     That with the little godliness I have
     I did full hard forbear him11. But I pray you, sir,
     Are you fast12 married? Be assured of this,
     That the magnifico13 is much beloved,
     And hath in his effect14 a voice potential
     As double as the duke’s: he will divorce you,
     Or put upon you what16 restraint or grievance
     The law — with all his might to enforce it on —
     Will give him cable18.

OTHELLO   Let him do his spite;
     My services which I have done the signiory20
     Shall out-tongue his complaints. ’Tis yet to know21
     Which, when I know that boasting is an honour,
     I shall promulgate23 — I fetch my life and being
     From men of royal siege24, and my demerits
     May speak, unbonneted25, to as proud a fortune
     As this that I have reached. For know, Iago,
     But that I love the gentle Desdemona,
     I would not my unhousèd28 free condition
     Put into circumscription and confine29
     For the sea’s worth30. But look, what lights come yond?

Enter Cassio [and Officers] with torches

IAGO   Those are the raisèd31 father and his friends:
     You were best go in.

OTHELLO   Not I: I must be found.
     My parts34, my title and my perfect soul
     Shall manifest me rightly. Is it they?

IAGO   By Janus36, I think no.

OTHELLO   The servants of the duke’s? And my lieutenant?—
     The goodness of the night upon you, friends!
     What is the news?

CASSIO   The duke does greet you, general,
     And he requires your haste-post-haste41 appearance
     Even on the instant.

OTHELLO   What is the matter43, think you?

CASSIO   Something from Cyprus, as I may divine44.
     It is a business of some heat45: the galleys
     Have sent a dozen sequent46 messengers
     This very night at one another’s heels,
     And many of the consuls, raised and met,
     Are at the duke’s already. You have been hotly called for:
     When, being not at your lodging to be found,
     The senate hath sent about three several quests51
     To search you out.

OTHELLO   ’Tis well I am found by you.
     I will but spend a word here in the house
     And go with you.

[Exit]

CASSIO   Ancient, what makes he56 here?

IAGO   Faith57, he tonight hath boarded a land caract:
     If it prove lawful prize, he’s made for ever.

CASSIO   I do not understand.

IAGO   He’s married.

CASSIO   To who?

IAGO   Marry62, to—

[Enter Othello

     Come, captain, will you go?

OTHELLO   Have with you63.

CASSIO   Here comes another troop to seek for you.

Enter Brabantio, Rodorigo, with Officers and torches And weapons

IAGO   It is Brabantio. General, be advised65:
     He comes to66 bad intent.

OTHELLO   Holla67, stand there!

RODORIGO   Signior, it is the Moor.

BRABANTIO   Down with him, thief!

They draw

IAGO   You, Rodorigo? Come, sir, I am for you.

OTHELLO   Keep up71 your bright swords, for the dew will rust
     them.
     Good signior, you shall more command with years
     Than with your weapons.

BRABANTIO   O thou foul74 thief,
     Where hast thou stowed75 my daughter?
     Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her,
     For I’ll refer me to77 all things of sense —
     If she in chains of magic were not bound —
     Whether a maid so tender79, fair and happy,
     So opposite80 to marriage that she shunned
     The wealthy curlèd81 dearling of our nation,
     Would ever have — t’incur a general mock82
     Run from her guardage83 to the sooty bosom
     Of such a thing as thou: to fear, not to delight.
     Judge me the world85 if ’tis not gross in sense
     That thou hast practised on86 her with foul charms,
     Abused her delicate youth with drugs or minerals87
     That weakens motion88: I’ll have’t disputed on:
     ’Tis probable and palpable to thinking.
     I therefore apprehend and do attach90 thee
     For an abuser of the world, a practiser
     Of arts inhibited and out of warrant92.—
     Lay hold upon him: if he do resist,
     Subdue him at his peril.

OTHELLO   Hold95 your hands,
     Both you of my inclining96 and the rest:
     Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it
     Without a prompter.— Whither will you that I98 go
     To answer this your charge?

BRABANTIO   To prison, till fit time
     Of law and course of direct session101
     Call thee to answer.

OTHELLO   What if I do obey?
     How may the duke be therewith satisfied,
     Whose messengers are here about my side
     Upon some present106 business of the state
     To bring me to him?

OFFICER   ’Tis true, most worthy signior:
     The duke’s in council and your noble self,
     I am sure, is sent for.

BRABANTIO   How? The duke in council?
     In this time of the night? Bring him away;
     Mine’s not an idle cause: the duke himself,
     Or any of my brothers of the state114,
     Cannot but feel this wrong as ’twere their own:
     For if such actions may have passage free116,
     Bond-slaves and pagans shall our statesmen be.

Exeunt

Act 1 Scene 3

running scene 3

Location: Venice (duke’s residence/council chamber)

Enter Duke, Senators and Officers

With torches

They sit at a table

DUKE   There’s no composition1 in this news
     That gives them2 credit.

FIRST SENATOR   Indeed, they are disproportioned3;
     My letters say a hundred and seven galleys.

DUKE   And mine a hundred forty.

SECOND SENATOR   And mine two hundred:
     But though they jump7 not on a just account —
     As in these cases where the aim8 reports,
     ’Tis oft with difference — yet do they all confirm
     A Turkish fleet, and bearing up to Cyprus.

DUKE   Nay, it is possible enough to judgement:
     I do not so secure12 me in the error
     But the main article I do approve
     In fearful sense.

SAILOR   What ho, what ho, what ho!

Within

Enter Sailor

OFFICER   A messenger from the galleys.

DUKE   Now? What’s the business?

SAILOR   The Turkish preparation18 makes for Rhodes:
     So was I bid report here to the state
     By Signior Angelo.

[Exit Sailor]

DUKE   How say you by21 this change?

FIRST SENATOR   This cannot be
     By no assay23 of reason: ’tis a pageant,
     To keep us in false gaze24. When we consider
     Th’importancy25 of Cyprus to the Turk,
     And let ourselves again but understand
     That as it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes,
     So may he with more facile question bear it28,
     For that29 it stands not in such warlike brace,
     But altogether lacks th’abilities30
     That Rhodes is dressed in31: if we make thought of this,
     We must not think the Turk is so unskilful
     To leave that latest33 which concerns him first,
     Neglecting an attempt34 of ease and gain
     To wake and wage35 a danger profitless.

DUKE   Nay, in all confidence, he’s not for Rhodes.

OFFICER   Here is more news.

Enter a Messenger

MESSENGER   The Ottomites38, reverend and gracious,
     Steering with due course toward the isle of Rhodes,
     Have there injointed them40 with an after fleet.

FIRST SENATOR   Ay, so I thought. How many, as you guess?

MESSENGER   Of thirty sail: and now they do restem42
     Their backward course
, bearing with frank43 appearance
     Their purposes toward Cyprus. Signior Montano,
     Your trusty and most valiant servitor45,
     With his free46 duty recommends you thus,
     And prays you to believe him.

[Exit Messenger]

DUKE   ’Tis certain then for Cyprus.
     Marcus Luccicos, is not he in town?

FIRST SENATOR   He’s now in Florence.

DUKE   Write from us to him: post-post-haste51, dispatch!

FIRST SENATOR   Here comes Brabantio and the valiant Moor.

Enter Brabantio, Othello, Cassio, Iago, Rodorigo and Officers

DUKE   Valiant Othello, we must straight employ you
     Against the general enemy Ottoman54.—

To Brabantio

     I did not see you: welcome, gentle55 signior,
     We lacked your counsel and your help tonight.

BRABANTIO   So did I yours. Good your grace, pardon me:
     Neither my place58 nor aught I heard of business
     Hath raised me from my bed, nor doth the general care59
     Take hold on me, for my particular60 grief
     Is of so floodgate61 and o’erbearing nature
     That it engluts62 and swallows other sorrows
     And it is still itself63.

DUKE   Why? What’s the matter?

BRABANTIO   My daughter! O, my daughter!

SENATORS   Dead?

BRABANTIO   Ay, to me:
     She is abused68, stol’n from me and corrupted
     By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks69;
     For nature so prepost’rously70 to err —
     Being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense71
     Sans72 witchcraft could not.

DUKE   Whoe’er he be that in this foul proceeding73
     Hath thus beguiled74 your daughter of herself,
     And you of her, the bloody75 book of law
     You shall yourself read in the bitter letter
     After your own sense77: yea, though our proper son
     Stood in your action78.

BRABANTIO   Humbly I thank your grace.
     Here is the man: this Moor, whom now it seems
     Your special mandate for the state affairs
     Hath hither brought.

ALL   We are very sorry for’t.

To Othello

DUKE   What, in your own part, can you say
     to this?

BRABANTIO   Nothing, but85 this is so.

OTHELLO   Most potent, grave86 and reverend signiors,
     My very noble and approved87 good masters:
     That I have ta’en away this old man’s daughter,
     It is most true: true I have married her;
     The very head and front90 of my offending
     Hath this extent, no more. Rude91 am I in my speech,
     And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace;
     For since these arms of mine had seven years’ pith93,
     Till now some nine moons wasted94, they have used
     Their dearest95 action in the tented field,
     And little of this great world can I speak
     More than pertains to feats of broils97 and battle,
     And therefore little shall I grace my cause
     In speaking for myself. Yet, by your gracious patience,
     I will a round100 unvarnished tale deliver
     Of my whole course of love: what drugs, what charms,
     What conjuration102 and what mighty magic —
     For such proceeding I am charged withal103
     I won his daughter.

BRABANTIO   A maiden never bold,
     Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion106
     Blushed at herself: and she, in spite of nature,
     Of years108, of country, credit, everything,
     To fall in love with what she feared to look on!
     It is a judgement maimed and most imperfect
     That will confess perfection so could err
     Against all rules of nature, and must be driven
     To find out practices113 of cunning hell
     Why this should be. I therefore vouch114 again
     That with some mixtures115 pow’rful o’er the blood,
     Or with some dram116, conjured to this effect,
     He wrought117 upon her.

DUKE   To vouch this is no proof,
     Without more wider and more overt test119
     Than these thin habits120 and poor likelihoods
     Of modern seeming121 do prefer against him.

FIRST SENATOR   But, Othello, speak:
     Did you by indirect123 and forcèd courses
     Subdue and poison this young maid’s affections?
     Or came it by request and such fair question125
     As soul to soul affordeth126?

OTHELLO   I do beseech you,
     Send for the lady to the Sagittary
     And let her speak of me before her father:
     If you do find me foul in her report,
     The trust, the office131 I do hold of you
     Not only take away, but let your sentence
     Even fall upon my life.

DUKE   Fetch Desdemona hither.

OTHELLO   Ancient, conduct them: you best know

To Iago

     the place.—

[Exeunt Iago and Attendants]

     And, till she come, as truly as to heaven
     I do confess the vices of my blood137,
     So justly138 to your grave ears I’ll present
     How I did thrive in this fair lady’s love,
     And she in mine.

DUKE   Say it, Othello.

OTHELLO   Her father loved me, oft invited me,
     Still143 questioned me the story of my life
     From year to year: the battle, sieges, fortune,
     That I have passed145.
     I ran it through, even from my boyish days
     To th’very moment that he bade me tell it,
     Wherein I spoke of most disastrous148 chances,
     Of moving149 accidents by flood and field,
     Of hair-breadth scapes150 i’th’imminent deadly breach,
     Of being taken by the insolent151 foe
     And sold to slavery, of my redemption thence,
     And portance153 in my traveller’s history,
     Wherein of antres154 vast and deserts idle,
     Rough quarries, rocks, hills whose head touch heaven,
     It was my hint156 to speak: such was my process.
     And of the cannibals that each other eat,
     The Anthropophagi158 and men whose heads
     Grew beneath their shoulders: these things to hear
     Would Desdemona seriously160 incline,
     But still the house-affairs would draw her thence,
     Which ever as she could with haste dispatch,
     She’d come again, and with a greedy ear
     Devour up my discourse: which I observing,
     Took once a pliant165 hour, and found good means
     To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart
     That I would all my pilgrimage167 dilate,
     Whereof by parcels168 she had something heard,
     But not intentively169. I did consent,
     And often did beguile her of170 her tears,
     When I did speak of some distressful stroke171
     That my youth suffered. My story being done,
     She gave me for my pains a world of kisses173:
     She swore, ‘In faith ’twas strange, ’twas passing174 strange,
     ’Twas pitiful, ’twas wondrous pitiful!’
     She wished she had not heard it, yet she wished
     That heaven had made her177 such a man. She thanked me,
     And bade me, if I had a friend that loved her,
     I should but teach him how to tell my story,
     And that would woo her. Upon this hint180 I spake:
     She loved me for the dangers I had passed,
     And I loved her that she did pity them.
     This only is the witchcraft I have used.
     Here comes the lady: let her witness184 it.

Enter Desdemona, Iago, Attendants

DUKE   I think this tale would win my daughter too.
     Good Brabantio,
     Take up this mangled matter at the best187:
     Men do their broken weapons rather use
     Than their bare hands.

BRABANTIO   I pray you hear her speak:
     If she confess that she was half the wooer,
     Destruction on my head if my bad192 blame
     Light on the man!— Come hither, gentle

To Desdemona

     mistress.
     Do you perceive in all this noble company
     Where most you owe obedience?

DESDEMONA   My noble father,
     I do perceive here a divided duty.
     To you I am bound for life and education198:
     My life and education both do learn199 me
     How to respect you. You are the lord of duty,
     I am hitherto201 your daughter. But here’s my husband,
     And so much duty as my mother showed
     To you, preferring203 you before her father,
     So much I challenge204 that I may profess
     Due to the Moor my lord.

BRABANTIO   God be with you! I have done.
     Please it207 your grace, on to the state affairs.
     I had rather to adopt a child than get208 it.
     Come hither, Moor:
     I here do give thee that with all my heart
     Which but211 thou hast already, with all my heart
     I would keep from thee.— For your sake212, jewel,

To Desdemona

     I am glad at soul I have no other child,
     For thy escape214 would teach me tyranny,

To the Duke

     To hang clogs215 on them.— I have done, my lord.

DUKE   Let me speak like yourself216, and lay a sentence
     Which, as a grise217 or step, may help these lovers.
     When remedies are past218, the griefs are ended
     By seeing the worst, which late219 on hopes depended.
     To mourn a mischief220 that is past and gone
     Is the next221 way to draw new mischief on.
     What cannot be preserved when fortune takes222,
     Patience her injury a mock’ry makes223.
     The robbed that smiles steals something from the thief:
     He robs himself that spends225 a bootless grief.

BRABANTIO   So let the Turk of Cyprus us beguile226,
     We lose it not, so long as we can smile.
     He bears the sentence well that nothing bears228
     But the free229 comfort which from thence he hears:
     But he bears both the sentence and the sorrow
     That, to pay grief, must of poor patience borrow231.
     These sentences, to sugar or to gall,232
     Being strong on both sides, are equivocal
.
     But words are words: I never yet did hear
     That the bruisèd235 heart was pierced through the ears.
     I humbly beseech you proceed to th’affairs of state.

DUKE   The Turk with a most mighty preparation makes for
     Cyprus. Othello, the fortitude238 of the place is best known to
     you, and though we have there a substitute of most allowed239
     sufficiency
, yet opinion240, a more sovereign mistress of effects,
     throws a more safer voice on you241: you must therefore be
     content to slubber242 the gloss of your new fortunes with this
     more stubborn243 and boisterous expedition.

OTHELLO   The tyrant custom, most grave senators,
     Hath made the flinty245 and steel couch of war
     My thrice-driven246 bed of down: I do agnize
     A natural and prompt alacrity247
     I find in hardness248, and do undertake
     This present wars against the Ottomites.
     Most humbly therefore bending to your state250,
     I crave fit disposition251 for my wife,
     Due reference of place and exhibition252,
     With such accommodation253 and besort
     As levels with254 her breeding.

DUKE   Why, at her fathers.

BRABANTIO   I will not have it so.

OTHELLO   Nor I.

DESDEMONA   Nor would I there reside,
     To put my father in impatient thoughts
     By being in his eye260. Most gracious duke,
     To my unfolding261 lend your prosperous ear,
     And let me find a charter262 in your voice
     T’assist my simpleness263.

DUKE   What would you, Desdemona?

DESDEMONA   That I love the Moor to live with him,
     My downright violence266 and storm of fortunes
     May trumpet to the world. My heart’s subdued267
     Even to
the very quality268 of my lord.
     I saw Othello’s visage in his mind,
     And to his honours and his valiant parts270
     Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate271:
     So that, dear lords, if I be left behind
     A moth273 of peace, and he go to the war,
     The rites274 for why I love him are bereft me,
     And I a heavy interim shall support
     By his dear276 absence. Let me go with him.

OTHELLO   Let her have your voice277.
     Vouch278 with me, heaven, I therefore beg it not
     To please the palate of my appetite,
     Nor to comply with heat280 — the young affects
     In my defunct and proper satisfaction281
     But to be free282 and bounteous to her mind:
     And heaven283 defend your good souls that you think
     I will your serious and great business scant284
     When she is with me. No, when light-winged toys285
     Of feathered286 Cupid seel with wanton dullness
     My speculative and officed instrument287,
     That288 my disports corrupt and taint my business,
     Let housewives make a skillet289 of my helm,
     And all indign290 and base adversities
     Make head291 against my estimation!

DUKE   Be it as you shall privately determine,
     Either for her stay or going: th’affair cries293 haste,
     And speed must answer it.

A SENATOR   You must away tonight.

OTHELLO   With all my heart.

DUKE   At nine i’th’morning here we’ll meet again.
     Othello, leave some officer behind,
     And he shall our commission bring to you,
     And such things else of quality and respect300
     As doth import301 you.

OTHELLO   So please your grace, my ancient:
     A man he is of honesty and trust:
     To his conveyance304 I assign my wife,
     With what else needful your good grace shall think
     To be sent after me.

DUKE   Let it be so.
     Goodnight to everyone.— And, noble signior,

To Brabantio

     If virtue no delighted309 beauty lack,
     Your son-in-law is far more fair310 than black.

A SENATOR   Adieu, brave Moor: use Desdemona well.

BRABANTIO   Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see:
     She has deceived her father, and may thee.

Exeunt [Duke, Senators and Officers]

OTHELLO   My life upon her faith! Honest314 Iago,
     My Desdemona must I leave to thee:
     I prithee let thy wife attend on her,
     And bring them after in the best advantage317.
     Come, Desdemona, I have but an hour
     Of love, of worldly matter and direction319
     To spend with thee: we must obey the time320.

Exeunt [Othello and Desdemona]

RODORIGO   Iago—

IAGO   What say’st thou, noble heart322?

RODORIGO   What will I do, think’st thou?

IAGO   Why, go to bed and sleep.

RODORIGO   I will incontinently325 drown myself.

IAGO   If thou dost, I shall never love thee after. Why, thou
      silly gentleman?

RODORIGO   It is silliness to live when to live is torment: and then
  have we a prescription329 to die when death is our physician.

IAGO   O villainous! I have looked upon the world for four
      times seven years, and since I could distinguish betwixt a
      benefit and an injury, I never found man that knew how to
      love himself. Ere333 I would say I would drown myself for the
      love of a guinea-hen334, I would change my humanity with a
      baboon335.

RODORIGO   What should I do? I confess it is my shame to be so
      fond337, but it is not in my virtue to amend it.

IAGO   Virtue? A fig!338 ’Tis in ourselves that we are thus or
      thus. Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are
      gardeners: so that if we will plant nettles or sow lettuce, set340
      hyssop341 and weed up thyme, supply it with one gender of
      herbs or distract342 it with many, either to have it sterile with
      idleness or manured with industry, why, the power and
      corrigible authority344 of this lies in our wills. If the beam of
      our lives had not one scale of reason to poise345 another of
      sensuality, the blood346 and baseness of our natures would
      conduct us to most preposterous347 conclusions: but we have
      reason to cool our raging motions348, our carnal stings, our
      unbitted349 lusts, whereof I take this that you call love to be a
      sect or scion350.

RODORIGO   It cannot be.

IAGO   It is merely a lust of
      the blood and a permission of the will353.