Tendency of the progress of society toward increased Command over the powers of Nature; increased Security, and increased Capacity of Co-Operation.

  • § 2. Tendency to a Decline of the Value and Cost of Production of all Commodities.
  • § 3. —except the products of Agriculture and Mining, which have a tendency to Rise.
  • § 4. —that tendency from time to time Counteracted by Improvements in Production.
  • § 5. Effect of the Progress of Society in moderating fluctuations of Value.
  • Chapter II. Influence Of The Progress Of Industry And Population On Rents, Profits, And Wages.
  • § 1. Characteristic features of industrial Progress.
  • § 2. First two cases, Population and Capital increasing, the arts of production stationary.
  • § 3. The arts of production advancing, capital and population stationary.
  • § 4. Theoretical results, if all three Elements progressive.
  • § 5. Practical Results.
  • Chapter III. Of The Tendency Of Profits To A Minimum.
  • § 1. Different Theories as to the fall of Profits.
  • § 2. What determines the minimum rate of Profit?
  • § 3. In old and opulent countries, profits habitually near to the minimum.
  • § 4. —prevented from reaching it by commercial revulsions.
  • § 5. —by improvements in Production.
  • § 6. —by the importation of cheap Necessaries and Implements.
  • § 7. —by the emigration of Capital.
  • Chapter IV. Consequences Of The Tendency Of Profits To A Minimum, And The Stationary State.
  • § 1. Abstraction of Capital not necessarily a national loss.
  • § 2. In opulent countries, the extension of machinery not detrimental but beneficial to Laborers.
  • § 3. Stationary state of wealth and population dreaded by some writers, but not in itself undesirable.
  • Chapter V. On The Possible Futurity Of The Laboring-Classes.
  • § 1. The possibility of improvement while Laborers remain merely receivers of Wages.
  • § 2.—through small holdings, by which the landlord's gain is shared.
  • § 3. —through co-operation, by which the manager's wages are shared.
  • § 4. Distributive Co-operation.
  • § 5. Productive Co-Operation.
  • § 6. Industrial Partnership.
  • § 7. People's Banks.
  • Book V.