There are also about one hundred substantive revisions, the more significant of which are indicated in our notes. Many of the minor revisions follow specific patterns: ‘must’, for example, is often changed to ‘had to’, ‘has to’, etc.; ‘whatso’ and ‘whereso’ are changed to ‘whatsoever’ and ‘wheresoever’; and word order is altered for greater elegance.

The present edition is, we believe, the first to reproduce the work as it appeared in Fraser’s Magazine and thus to present Sartor Resartus in its original state, before Carlyle and anonymous compositors began the process of retouching. Many errors in the German passages, which were corrected in later editions, have been silently corrected here, as have other obvious misprints; but in general the text follows closely that of Fraser’s Magazine. The original divisions into eight monthly instalments are indicated by a row of asterisks after each part. Notes at the foot of the page, indicated by daggers in the text, are Carlyle’s.

The manuscript of Sartor Resartus is not known to have survived. The fullest account of its publishing history, though now badly outdated, remains that by Isaac Dyer in his Bibliography of Thomas Carlyle’s Writings (1928). No textual study of Sartor Resartus has been published.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

EDITIONS

THE standard edition of Carlyle’s works is the thirty-volume Centenary Edition, ed. H. D. Traill (London, 1896–9). The Duke-Edinburgh edition of The Collected Letters of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle, ed. C. R. Sanders et al. (Durham, North Carolina, 1970– ), will supersede earlier collections. See also The Correspondence of Emerson and Carlyle, ed. J. Slater (New York, 1964). The text of Wotton Reinfred, Carlyle’s unfinished novel, is included in Last Words of Thomas Carlyle (London, 1892; reprinted with an introduction by K.J. Fielding, 1971). Several editions of Sartor Resartus include extensive introductions and annotation; those by A. MacMechan (Boston, 1896) and C. F. Harrold (New York, 1937) are especially valuable. The complex text of Sartor is included in G. B. Tennyson’s A Carlyle Reader: Selections from the Writings of Thomas Carlyle (New York, 1969: Cambridge, 1984).

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL STUDIES

J. A. Froude, Thomas Carlyle: A History of the First Forty Years of his Life, 1795–1835 (London, 1882) and Thomas Carlyle: A History of his Life in London, 1834–1881 (London, 1884); Froude’s four volumes have been abridged and edited by J. Clubbe (Columbus, Ohio, 1979).

W.