Reverend Alexander B. Grosart, 3 vols (London: Edward Moxon, Son and Co., 1876), III, pp. 462–3.

Note on the Texts

The present selection aims to provide as generous and varied a representation of Shelley’s poetry and prose as limitations of space allow. All of what have come to be regarded as his major poems have been included with the exception of the 4,818 lines of the epic-romance Laon and Cythna (1817), though the Dedication before that poem, addressed to Shelley’s wife Mary and in some measure a separate work, has been retained. Within both ‘The Poems’ and ‘The Prose’ sections the texts are presented in chronological order of composition, inasmuch as that can be determined.

Because Shelley spent the final third or so of his writing life in Italy, he was not able to correct for the press those of his volumes that were printed and published in London during the years 1819–22, and a consequence of his sudden and untimely death was that a significant number of his works were left in manuscript notebooks and published posthumously without having received his final attention. As a result, the textual witnesses for Shelley’s verse and prose, of very different kinds, have always posed correspondingly varied, and sometimes very difficult, problems for his editors. The most authoritative source of a given text may be a printed volume published in Shelley’s lifetime for which he may or may not have seen proofs; one of the few manuscripts that he prepared for the press to have survived (for example, The Mask of Anarchy or Peter Bell the Third); a fair copy in his own hand or transcribed by another which he may have meant for safe-keeping, or for private circulation rather than regular publication; or one of his many surviving drafts, which range from clean and unambiguous at one extreme to untidy, unresolved, incomplete and barely legible at the other.

The copy-texts we have chosen for the present edition have been treated on the principle of minimal intervention. We have almost always retained their spelling and capitalization (even where these are inconsistent), and we have modified punctuation where we have judged it necessary to clarify a passage or to reduce what has appeared to us the excessive punctuation of some source-texts. Modern accents and breathings have been supplied where necessary for Greek epigraphs. In the endnotes on each title, we have indicated the source of our text and, for manuscript sources, have provided a reference to a facsimile of the manuscript where one exists in one of the three series, The Bodleian Shelley Manuscripts, The Manuscripts of the Younger Romantics: Shelley and Shelley and His Circle 1773–1822. For bibliographical details of these, see Abbreviations and Further Reading.

In both the Poems and Prose sections, a word or phrase within angle brackets <word> is cancelled in the manuscript source; space within square brackets [  ] signals a missing word or phrase; a question mark within square brackets [ ? ] indicates an illegible word or phrase; a question mark and word(s) within square brackets [?word(s)] marks a conjectural reading. Word(s) within square brackets [word(s)] are missing in the manuscript source and have been supplied by the editors. Suspension points … in a text are present in the copy-text; an ellipsis within square brackets […] signifies an editorial omission.

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THE POEMS

The Irishman’s Song

The stars may dissolve, and the fountain of light

May sink into ne’er ending chaos and night,

Our mansions must fall, and earth vanish away,

But thy courage O Erin! may never decay.

5See! the wide wasting ruin extends all around,

Our ancestors’ dwellings lie sunk on the ground,

Our foes ride in triumph throughout our domains,

And our mightiest heroes lie stretched on the plains.

Ah! dead is the harp which was wont to give pleasure,

10Ah! sunk is our sweet country’s rapturous measure,

But the war note is waked, and the clangor of spears,

The dread yell of Sloghan yet sounds in our ears.

Ah! where are the heroes! triumphant in death,

Convulsed they recline on the blood sprinkled heath,

15Or the yelling ghosts ride on the blast that sweeps by,

And ‘my countrymen! vengeance!’ incessantly cry.

Song (‘Fierce roars the midnight storm’)

Fierce roars the midnight storm,

      O’er the wild mountain,

Dark clouds the night deform,

      Swift rolls the fountain—

5See! o’er yon rocky height,

      Dim mists are flying—

See by the moon’s pale light,

      Poor Laura’s dying!

Shame and remorse shall howl,

10      By her false pillow—

Fiercer than storms that roll,

      O’er the white billow;

No hand her eyes to close,

      When life is flying,

15But she will find repose,

      For Laura’s dying!

Then will I seek my love,

      Then will I cheer her,

Then my esteem will prove,

20      When no friend is near her.

On her grave I will lie,

      When life is parted,

On her grave I will die,

      For the false hearted.

‘How eloquent are eyes!’

   How eloquent are eyes!

Not the rapt Poet’s frenzied lay

When the soul’s wildest feelings stray

   Can speak so well as they.

5   How eloquent are eyes!

Not music’s most impassioned note

On which love’s warmest fervours float

   Like they bid rapture rise.

   Love! look thus again,

10That your look may light a waste of years

Darting the beam that conquers cares

   Thro’ the cold shower of tears!

   Love! look thus again,

That Time the victor as he flies

15May pause to gaze upon thine eyes,

   A victor then in vain!—

   Yet no! arrest not Time,

For Time, to others dear, we spurn,

When Time shall be no more we burn,

20   When Love meets full return.

   Ah no! arrest not Time,

Fast let him fly on eagle wing

Nor pause till Heaven’s unfading spring

   Breathes round its holy clime.

25   Yet quench that thrilling gaze

Which passionate Friendship arms with fire,

For what will eloquent eyes inspire

   But feverish, false desire?

   Quench then that thrilling gaze

30For age may freeze the tremulous joy,

But age can never love destroy.

   It lives to better days.

   Age cannot love destroy.

Can perfidy then blight its flower

35Even when in most unwary hour

   It blooms in fancy’s bower?

   Age cannot love destroy.

Can slighted vows then rend the shrine

On which its chastened splendours shine

40   Around a dream of joy?

Fragment, or The Triumph of Conscience

’Twas dead of the night, when I sat in my dwelling;

   One glimmering lamp was expiring and low;

Around, the dark tide of the tempest was swelling,

Along the wild mountains night-ravens were yelling,—

5   They bodingly presag’d destruction and woe.

’Twas then that I started!—the wild storm was howling,

   Nought was seen, save the lightning, which danc’d in the sky;

Above me, the crash of the thunder was rolling,

   And low, chilling murmurs, the blast wafted by.

10My heart sank within me—unheeded the war

   Of the battling clouds, on the mountain-tops, broke;—

Unheeded the thunder-peal crash’d in mine ear—

   This heart, hard as iron, is stranger to fear;

But conscience in low, noiseless whispering spoke.

15’Twas then that her form on the whirlwind upholding,

   The ghost of the murder’d Victoria strode;

In her right hand, a shadowy shroud she was holding,

   She swiftly advanc’d to my lonesome abode.

I wildly then call’d on the tempest to bear me—

Song (‘Ah! faint are her limbs’)

I

Ah! faint are her limbs, and her footstep is weary,

   Yet far must the desolate wanderer roam;

Though the tempest is stern, and the mountain is dreary,

   She must quit at deep midnight her pitiless home.

5I see her swift foot dash the dew from the whortle,

As she rapidly hastes to the green grove of myrtle;

And I hear, as she wraps round her figure the kirtle,

   ‘Stay thy boat on the lake,—dearest Henry, I come.’

II

High swell’d in her bosom the throb of affection,

10   As lightly her form bounded over the lea,

And arose in her mind every dear recollection:

   ‘I come, dearest Henry, and wait but for thee.’

How sad, when dear hope every sorrow is soothing,

When sympathy’s swell the soft bosom is moving,

15And the mind the mild joys of affection is proving,

   Is the stern voice of fate that bids happiness flee!

III

Oh! dark lower’d the clouds on that horrible eve,

   And the moon dimly gleam’d through the tempested air;

Oh! how could fond visions such softness deceive?

20   Oh! how could false hope rend a bosom so fair?

Thy love’s pallid corse the wild surges are laving,

O’er his form the fierce swell of the tempest is raving;

But, fear not, parting spirit; thy goodness is saving,

   In eternity’s bowers, a seat for thee there.

The Monarch’s funeral

An Anticipation

The growing gloom of eventide

   Has quenched the sunbeam’s latest glow

And lowers upon the woe and pride

   That blasts the city’s peace below.

5At such an hour how sad the sight

   To mark a Monarch’s funeral

When the dim shades of awful night

   Rest on the coffin’s velvet pall;

To see the Gothic Arches shew

10   A varied mass of light and shade

While to the torches’ crimson glow

   A vast cathedral is displayed;

To see with what a silence deep

   The thousands o’er this death-scene brood

15As tho’ some wizard’s charm did creep

   Upon the countless multitude;

To see this awful pomp of death

   For one frail mass of mouldering clay

When nobler men the tomb beneath

20   Have sunk unwept, unseen away.

For who was he, the uncoffined slain,

   That fell in Erin’s injured isle

Because his spirit dared disdain

   To light his country’s funeral pile?

25Shall he not ever live in lays

   The warmest that a Muse may sing

Whilst monumental marbles raise

   The fame of a departed King?

May not the Muse’s darling theme

30   Gather its glorious garland thence

Whilst some frail tombstone’s Dotard dream

   Fades with a monarch’s impotence?

Yet, ’tis a scene of wondrous awe

   To see a coffined Monarch lay,

35That the wide grave’s insatiate maw

   Be glutted with a regal prey!

Who now shall public councils guide?

   Who rack the poor on gold to dine?

Who waste the means of regal pride

40   For which a million wretches pine?

It is a child of earthly breath,

   A being perishing as he,

Who throned in yonder pomp of death

   Hath now fulfilled his destiny.

45Now dust to dust restore!… O Pride,

   Unmindful of thy fleeting power,

Whose empty confidence has vied

   With human life’s most treacherous hour,

One moment feel that in the breast

50   With regal crimes and troubles vext

The pampered Earthworms soon will rest,

   One moment feel … and die the next.

Yet deem not in the tomb’s control

   The vital lamp of life can fail,

55Deem not that e’er the Patriot’s soul

   Is wasted by the withering gale.

The dross which forms the King is gone

   And reproductive Earth supplies

As senseless as the clay and stone

60   In which the kindred body lies.

The soul which makes the Man doth soar,

   And love alone survives to shed

All that its tide of bliss can pour

   Of Heaven upon the blessed dead.

65So shall the Sun forever burn,

   So shall the midnight lightnings die,

And joy that glows at Nature’s bourn

   Outlive terrestrial misery.

And will the crowd who silent stoop

70   Around the lifeless Monarch’s bier,

A mournful and dejected group,

   Breathe not one sigh, or shed one tear?

Ah! no. ’Tis wonder, ’tis not woe;

   Even royalists might groan to see

75The Father of the People so

   Lost in the Sacred Majesty.

A Winter’s Day

O! wintry day! that mockest spring

   With hopes of the reviving year,

That sheddest softness from thy wing

And near the cascade’s murmuring

5   Awakenest sounds so clear

That peals of vernal music swing

   Thro’ the balm atmosphere.

Why hast thou given, O year! to May

   A birth so premature,

10To live one incompleted day

That the mad whirlwind’s sullen sway

   May sweep it from the moor,

And winter reassume the sway

   That shall so long endure?

15Art thou like Genius’s matin bloom,

   Unwelcome promise of its prime,

That scattereth its rich perfume

Around the portals of the tomb,

   Decking the scar of time

20In mockery of the early doom?

Art thou like Passion’s rapturous dream

   That o’er life’s stormy dawn

Doth dart its wild and flamy beam

Yet like a fleeting flash doth seem

25   When many chequered years are gone

And tell the illusion of its gleam

   Life’s blasted springs alone?

Whate’er thou emblemest, I’ll breathe

   Thy transitory sweetness now,

30And whether Health with roseate wreathe

May bind mine head, or creeping Death

   Steal o’er my pulse’s flow,

Struggling the wintry winds beneath

   I’ll love thy vernal glow.

To the Republicans of North America

Brothers! between you and me

   Whirlwinds sweep and billows roar,

Yet in spirit oft I see

   On the wild and winding shore

5Freedom’s bloodless banner wave,

Feel the pulses of the brave

Unextinguished by the grave,

   See them drenched in sacred gore,

Catch the patriot’s gasping breath

10Murmuring ‘Liberty’ in death.

Shout aloud! let every slave

   Crouching at corruption’s throne

Start into a man and brave

   Racks and chains without a groan!

15Let the castle’s heartless glow

And the hovel’s vice and woe

Fade like gaudy flowers that blow,

   Weeds that peep and then are gone,

Whilst from misery’s ashes risen

20Love shall burst the Captive’s prison.

Cotopaxi! bid the sound

   Thro’ thy sister mountains ring

Till each valley smile around

   At the blissful welcoming,

25And O! thou stern Ocean-deep

Whose eternal billows sweep

Shores where thousands wake to weep

   Whilst they curse some villain King,

On the winds that fan thy breast

30Bear thou news of freedom’s rest.

Earth’s remotest bounds shall start;

   Every despot’s bloated cheek,

Pallid as his bloodless heart,

   Frenzy, woe and dread shall speak …

35Blood may fertilize the tree

Of new bursting Liberty;

Let the guiltiness then be

   On the slaves that ruin wreak,

On the unnatural tyrant brood

40Slow to Peace and swift to blood.

Can the daystar dawn of love

   Where the flag of war unfurled

Floats with crimson stain above

   Such a desolated world?…

45Never! but to vengeance driven

When the patriot’s spirit shriven

Seeks in death its native Heaven,

   Then to speechless horror hurled

Widowed Earth may balm the bier

50Of its memory with a tear.

On Robert Emmet’s Tomb

May the tempests of Winter that sweep o’er thy tomb

   Disturb not a slumber so sacred as thine;

May the breezes of summer that breathe of perfume

   Waft their balmiest dews to so hallowed a shrine.

5May the foot of the tyrant, the coward, the slave

   Be palsied with dread where thine ashes repose,

Where that undying shamrock still blooms on thy grave

   Which sprung when the dawnlight of Erin arose.

There oft have I marked the grey gravestones among,

10   Where thy relics distinguished in lowliness lay,

The peasant boy pensively lingering long

   And silently weep as he passed away.

And how could he not pause if the blood of his sires

   Ever wakened one generous throb in his heart:

15How could he inherit a spark of their fires

   If tearless and frigid he dared to depart?

Not the scrolls of a court could emblazon thy fame

   Like the silence that reigns in the palace of thee,

Like the whispers that pass of thy dearly loved name,

20   Like the tears of the good, like the groans of the free.

No trump tells thy virtues—the grave where they rest

   With thy dust shall remain unpolluted by fame,

Till thy foes, by the world and by fortune caressed,

   Shall pass like a mist from the light of thy name.

25When the storm cloud that lowers o’er the daybeam is gone,

   Unchanged, unextinguished its lifespring will shine;

When Erin has ceased with their memory to groan

   She will smile thro’ the tears of revival on thine.

To Liberty

O let not Liberty

   Silently perish;

May the groan and the sigh

   Yet the flame cherish

5Till the voice to Nature’s bursting heart given,

   Ascending loud and high,

   A world’s indignant cry,

   And startling on his throne

   The tyrant grim and lone,

10Shall beat the deaf vault of Heaven.

Say, can the Tyrant’s frown

   Daunt those who fear not

Or break the spirits down

   His badge that wear not?

15Can chains or death or infamy subdue

   The pure and fearless soul

   That dreads not their control,

   Sees Paradise and Hell,

   Sees the Palace and the cell,

20Yet bravely dares prefer the good and true?

Regal pomp and pride

   The Patriot falls in scorning,

The spot whereon he died

   Should be the despot’s warning;

25The voice of blood shall on his crimes call down Revenge!

   And the spirits of the brave

   Shall start from every grave

   Whilst from her Atlantic throne

   Freedom sanctifies the groan

30That fans the glorious fires of its change.

Monarch! sure employer

   Of vice and want and woe,

Thou Conscienceless destroyer,

   Who and what are thou?—

35The dark prison house that in the dust shall lie,

   The pyramid which guilt

   First planned, which man has built,

   At whose footstone want and woe

   With a ceaseless murmur flow

40And whose peak attracts the tempests of the sky.

The pyramids shall fall …

   And Monarchs! so shall ye,

Thrones shall rust in the hall

   Of forgotten royalty

45Whilst Virtue, Truth and Peace shall arise

   And a Paradise on Earth

   From your fall shall date its birth,

   And human life shall seem

   Like a short and happy dream

50Ere we wake in the daybeam of the skies.

Written on a Beautiful Day in Spring

In that strange mental wandering when to live,

To breathe, to be, is undivided joy,

When the most woe-worn wretch would cease to grieve,

When satiation’s self would fail to cloy;

5When unpercipient of all other things

Than those that press around, the breathing Earth,

The gleaming sky and the fresh season’s birth,

Sensation all its wondrous rapture brings,

And to itself not once the mind recurs—

10      Is it foretaste of Heaven?

So sweet as this the nerves it stirs,

   And mingling in the vital tide

      With gentle motion driven,

   Cheers the sunk spirits, lifts the languid eye,

15And scattering thro’ the frame its influence wide

   Revives the spirits when they droop and die.

The frozen blood with genial beaming warms,

And to a gorgeous fly the sluggish worm transforms.

‘Dark Spirit of the desart rude’

Dark Spirit of the desart rude

That o’er this awful solitude,

Each tangled and untrodden wood,

Each dark and silent glen below

5Where sunlight’s gleamings never glow,

Whilst jetty, musical and still

In darkness speeds the mountain rill;

That o’er yon broken peaks sublime,

Wild shapes that mock the scythe of time,

10And the pure Ellan’s foamy course,

Wavest thy wand of magic force—

Art thou yon sooty and fearful fowl

   That flaps its wing o’er the leafless oak

That o’er the dismal scene doth scowl

15   And mocketh music with its croak?

I’ve sought thee where day’s beams decay

   On the peak of the lonely hill;

I’ve sought thee where they melt away

   By the wave of the pebbly rill;

20I’ve strained to catch thy murky form

Bestride the rapid and gloomy storm;

Thy red and sullen eyeball’s glare

Has shot, in a dream thro’ the midnight air,

   But never did thy shape express

25   Such an emphatic gloominess.

And where art thou, O thing of gloom?…

On Nature’s unreviving tomb

Where sapless, blasted and alone

She mourns her blooming centuries gone!—

30From the fresh sod the Violets peep,

The buds have burst their frozen sleep,

   Whilst every green and peopled tree

Is alive with Earth’s sweet melody.

      But thou alone art here,

35Thou desolate Oak, whose scathed head

For ages has never trembled,

Whose giant trunk dead lichens bind,

Moaningly sighing in the wind,

With huge loose rocks beneath thee spread—

40      Thou, Thou alone art here!

      Remote from every living thing,

Tree, shrub or grass or flower,

Thou seemest of this spot the King,

   And with a regal power

45   Suck like that race all sap away

   And yet upon the spoil decay.

The Retrospect

Cwm Elan 1812

To trace Duration’s lone career,

To check the chariot of the year

Whose burning wheels forever sweep

The boundaries of oblivion’s deep …

5To snatch from Time the monster’s jaw

The children which she just had borne,

And ere entombed within her maw

To drag them to the light of morn

And mark each feature with an eye

10Of cold and fearless scrutiny …

It asks a soul not formed to feel,

An eye of glass, a hand of steel;

Thoughts that have passed and thoughts that are

With truth and feeling to compare;

15A scene which wildered fancy viewed

In the soul’s coldest solitude,

With that same scene when peaceful love

Flings rapture’s colour o’er the grove,

When mountain, meadow, wood and stream

20With unalloying glory gleam

And to the spirit’s ear and eye

Are unison and harmony.

The moonlight was my dearer day:—

Then would I wander far away

25And lingering on the wild brook’s shore

To hear its unremitting roar

Would lose in the ideal flow

All sense of overwhelming woe;

Or at the noiseless noon of night

30Would climb some heathy mountain’s height

And listen to the mystic sound

That stole in fitful gasps around.

I joyed to see the streaks of day

Above the purple peaks decay

35And watch the latest line of light

Just mingling with the shades of night;

For day with me, was time of woe

When even tears refused to flow;

Then would I stretch my languid frame

40Beneath the wild-wood’s gloomiest shade

And try to quench the ceaseless flame

That on my withered vitals preyed;

Would close mine eyes and dream I were

On some remote and friendless plain

45And long to leave existence there

If with it I might leave the pain

That with a finger cold and lean

Wrote madness on my withering mien.

It was not unrequited love

50That bade my wildered spirit rove;

’Twas not the pride disdaining life,

That with this mortal world at strife

Would yield to the soul’s inward sense,

Then groan in human impotence,

55And weep, because it is not given

To taste on Earth the peace of Heaven.

’Twas not, that in the narrow sphere

Where Nature fixed my wayward fate

There was no friend or kindred dear

60Formed to become that spirit’s mate

Which searching on tired pinion found

Barren and cold repulse around …

Ah no! yet each one sorrow gave

New graces to the narrow grave:

65For broken vows had early quelled

The stainless spirit’s vestal flame.

Yes! whilst the faithful bosom swelled

Then the envenomed arrow came

And apathy’s unaltering eye

70Beamed coldness on the misery;

And early I had learned to scorn

The chains of clay that bound a soul

Panting to seize the wings of morn,

And where its vital fires were born

75To soar, and spurn the cold control

Which the vile slaves of earthly night

Would twine around its struggling flight.

O many were the friends whom fame

Had linked with the unmeaning name

80Whose magic marked among mankind

The casket of my unknown mind,

Which hidden from the vulgar glare

Imbibed no fleeting radiance there.

My darksome spirit sought. It found

85A friendless solitude around.—

For who, that might undaunted stand

The saviour of a sinking land,

Would crawl its ruthless tyrant’s slave

And fatten upon freedom’s grave,

90Tho’ doomed with her to perish, where

The captive clasps abhorred despair?

They could not share the bosom’s feeling

Which passion’s every throb revealing

Dared force on the world’s notice cold

95Thoughts of unprofitable mould,

Who bask in Custom’s fickle ray,

Fit sunshine of such wintry day!

They could not in a twilight walk

Weave an impassioned web of talk

100Till mysteries the spirit press

In wild yet tender awfulness,

Then feel within our narrow sphere

How little yet how great we are!

But they might shine in courtly glare,

105Attract the rabble’s cheapest stare,

And might command where’er they move

A thing that bears the name of love;

They might be learned, witty, gay,

Foremost in fashion’s gilt array,

110On Fame’s emblazoned pages shine,

Be princes’ friends, but never mine!

Ye jagged peaks that frown sublime,

Mocking the blunted scythe of Time,

Whence I would watch its lustre pale

115Steal from the moon o’er yonder vale!

Thou rock, whose bosom black and vast

Bared to the stream’s unceasing flow,

Ever its giant shade doth cast

On the tumultuous surge below!

120Woods to whose depth retires to die

The wounded echo’s melody,

And whither this lone spirit bent

The footstep of a wild intent—

Meadows! whose green and spangled breast

125These fevered limbs have often pressed

Until the watchful fiend Despair

Slept in the soothing coolness there!

Have not your varied beauties seen

The sunken eye, the withering mien,

130Sad traces of the unuttered pain

That froze my heart and burned my brain?

How changed since nature’s summer form

Had last the power my grief to charm,

Since last ye soothed my spirit’s sadness,

135Strange chaos of a mingled madness!

Changed!—not the loathsome worm that fed

In the dark mansions of the dead,

Now soaring thro’ the fields of air

And gathering purest nectar there,

140A butterfly whose million hues

The dazzled eye of wonder views

Long lingering on a work so strange,

Has undergone so bright a change!

How do I feel my happiness?

145I cannot tell, but they may guess

Whose every gloomy feeling gone

Friendship and passion feel alone,

Who see mortality’s dull clouds

Before affection’s murmur fly,

150Whilst the mild glances of her eye

Pierce the thin veil of flesh that shrouds

The spirit’s radiant sanctuary.

O thou! whose virtues latest known

First in this heart yet claim’st a throne,

155Whose downy sceptre still shall share

The gentle sway with virtue there,

Thou fair in form and pure in mind,

Whose ardent friendship rivets fast

The flowery band our fates that bind

160Which incorruptible shall last

When duty’s hard and cold control

Had thawed around the burning soul.

The gloomiest retrospects that bind

With crowns of thorn the bleeding mind,

165The prospects of most doubtful hue

That rise on Fancy’s shuddering view,

Are gilt by the reviving ray

Which thou hast flung upon my day.

QUEEN MAB;

A PHILOSOPHICAL POEM: WITH NOTES

   ECRASEZ L’INFAME!

  Correspondance de Voltaire.

Avia Pieridum peragro loca, nullius ante

Trita solo; juvat integros accedere fonteis;

Atque haurire: juvatque novos decerpere flores.

  * * * * * * *

Unde prius nulli velarint tempora musae.

Primum quod magnis doceo de rebus; et arctis

Religionum animos nodis exsolvere pergo.

   Lucret. lib. iv.

      Δὸς που στῶ, καὶ κόσμον κινήσω.

         Archimedes.

To Harriet *****

Whose is the love that, gleaming through the world,

Wards off the poisonous arrow of its scorn?

   Whose is the warm and partial praise,

   Virtue’s most sweet reward?

5Beneath whose looks did my reviving soul

Riper in truth and virtuous daring grow?

   Whose eyes have I gazed fondly on,

   And loved mankind the more?

Harriet! on thine:—thou wert my purer mind;

10Thou wert the inspiration of my song;

   Thine are these early wilding flowers,

   Though garlanded by me.

Then press unto thy breast this pledge of love;

And know, though time may change and years may roll,

15   Each flowret gathered in my heart

   It consecrates to thine.

Queen Mab

I

         How wonderful is Death,

         Death, and his brother Sleep!

   One, pale as yonder waning moon

         With lips of lurid blue;

5   The other, rosy as the morn

         When throned on ocean’s wave

         It blushes o’er the world:

   Yet both so passing wonderful!

         Hath then the gloomy Power

10Whose reign is in the tainted sepulchres

         Seized on her sinless soul?

         Must then that peerless form

Which love and admiration cannot view

Without a beating heart, those azure veins

15Which steal like streams along a field of snow,

   That lovely outline, which is fair

         As breathing marble, perish?

         Must putrefaction’s breath

   Leave nothing of this heavenly sight

20         But loathsomeness and ruin?

   Spare nothing but a gloomy theme,

On which the lightest heart might moralize?

   Or is it only a sweet slumber

         Stealing o’er sensation,

25   Which the breath of roseate morning

         Chaseth into darkness?

         Will Ianthe wake again,

   And give that faithful bosom joy

   Whose sleepless spirit waits to catch

30   Light, life and rapture from her smile?

         Yes! she will wake again,

Although her glowing limbs are motionless,

         And silent those sweet lips,

         Once breathing eloquence,

35   That might have soothed a tyger’s rage,

Or thawed the cold heart of a conqueror.

         Her dewy eyes are closed,

   And on their lids, whose texture fine

   Scarce hides the dark blue orbs beneath,

40         The baby Sleep is pillowed:

         Her golden tresses shade

         The bosom’s stainless pride,

   Curling like tendrils of the parasite

         Around a marble column.

45         Hark! whence that rushing sound?

         ’Tis like the wondrous strain

   That round a lonely ruin swells,

   Which, wandering on the echoing shore,

         The enthusiast hears at evening:

50   ’Tis softer than the west wind’s sigh;

   ’Tis wilder than the unmeasured notes

   Of that strange lyre whose strings

   The genii of the breezes sweep:

         Those lines of rainbow light

55   Are like the moonbeams when they fall

Through some cathedral window, but the teints

         Are such as may not find

         Comparison on earth.

Behold the chariot of the Fairy Queen!

60Celestial coursers paw the unyielding air;

Their filmy pennons at her word they furl,

And stop obedient to the reins of light:

   These the Queen of spells drew in,

   She spread a charm around the spot,

65And leaning graceful from the etherial car,

   Long did she gaze, and silently,

         Upon the slumbering maid.

Oh! not the visioned poet in his dreams,

When silvery clouds float through the wildered brain,

70When every sight of lovely, wild and grand

   Astonishes, enraptures, elevates,

         When fancy at a glance combines

         The wondrous and the beautiful,—

   So bright, so fair, so wild a shape

75         Hath ever yet beheld,

As that which reined the coursers of the air,

   And poured the magic of her gaze

         Upon the maiden’s sleep.

         The broad and yellow moon

80         Shone dimly through her form—

   That form of faultless symmetry;

   The pearly and pellucid car

         Moved not the moonlight’s line:

         ’Twas not an earthly pageant:

85   Those who had looked upon the sight,

         Passing all human glory,

         Saw not the yellow moon,

         Saw not the mortal scene,

         Heard not the night-wind’s rush,

90         Heard not an earthly sound,

         Saw but the fairy pageant,

         Heard but the heavenly strains

         That filled the lonely dwelling.

The Fairy’s frame was slight, yon fibrous cloud,

95That catches but the palest tinge of even,

And which the straining eye can hardly seize

When melting into eastern twilight’s shadow,

Were scarce so thin, so slight; but the fair star

That gems the glittering coronet of morn,

100Sheds not a light so mild, so powerful,

As that which, bursting from the Fairy’s form,

Spread a purpureal halo round the scene,

   Yet with an undulating motion,

   Swayed to her outline gracefully.

105         From her celestial car

         The Fairy Queen descended,

         And thrice she waved her wand

   Circled with wreaths of amaranth:

         Her thin and misty form

110         Moved with the moving air,

         And the clear silver tones,

         As thus she spoke, were such

As are unheard by all but gifted ear.

FAIRY

      Stars! Your balmiest influence shed!

115      Elements! Your wrath suspend!

      Sleep, Ocean, in the rocky bounds

         That circle thy domain!

   Let not a breath be seen to stir

   Around yon grass-grown ruin’s height,

120      Let even the restless gossamer

         Sleep on the moveless air!

         Soul of Ianthe! thou,

Judged alone worthy of the envied boon,

That waits the good and the sincere; that waits

125Those who have struggled, and with resolute will

Vanquished earth’s pride and meanness, burst the chains,

The icy chains of custom, and have shone

The day-stars of their age;—Soul of Ianthe!

            Awake! arise!

130            Sudden arose

         Ianthe’s Soul; it stood

   All beautiful in naked purity,

   The perfect semblance of its bodily frame,

Instinct with inexpressible beauty and grace.

135         Each stain of earthliness

   Had passed away, it reassumed

   Its native dignity, and stood

         Immortal amid ruin.

      Upon the couch the body lay

140      Wrapt in the depth of slumber:

   Its features were fixed and meaningless,

      Yet animal life was there,

   And every organ yet performed

   Its natural functions: ’twas a sight

145Of wonder to behold the body and soul.

   The self-same lineaments, the same

   Marks of identity were there:

Yet, oh, how different! One aspires to Heaven,

Pants for its sempiternal heritage,

150And ever changing, ever rising still,

      Wantons in endless being.

The other, for a time the unwilling sport

Of circumstance and passion, struggles on;

Fleets through its sad duration rapidly;

155Then like an useless and worn-out machine,

      Rots, perishes, and passes.

FAIRY

      Spirit! who hast dived so deep;

      Spirit! who hast soared so high;

      Thou the fearless, thou the mild,

160   Accept the boon thy worth hath earned,

         Ascend the car with me!

SPIRIT

   Do I dream? is this new feeling

   But a visioned ghost of slumber?

      If indeed I am a soul,

165   A free, a disembodied soul,

         Speak again to me.

FAIRY

I am the Fairy MAB: to me ’tis given

The wonders of the human world to keep:

The secrets of the immeasurable past,

170In the unfailing consciences of men,

Those stern, unflattering chroniclers, I find:

The future, from the causes which arise

In each event, I gather: not the sting

Which retributive memory implants

175In the hard bosom of the selfish man;

Nor that extatic and exulting throb

Which virtue’s votary feels when he sums up

The thoughts and actions of a well-spent day,

Are unforeseen, unregistered by me:

180And it is yet permitted me, to rend

The veil of mortal frailty, that the spirit

Clothed in its changeless purity, may know

How soonest to accomplish the great end

For which it hath its being, and may taste

185That peace, which in the end all life will share.

This is the meed of virtue; happy Soul,

         Ascend the car with me!

   The chains of earth’s immurement

         Fell from Ianthe’s spirit;

190They shrank and brake like bandages of straw

   Beneath a wakened giant’s strength.

         She knew her glorious change,

   And felt in apprehension uncontrolled

         New raptures opening round:

195   Each day-dream of her mortal life,

   Each frenzied vision of the slumbers

         That closed each well-spent day,

         Seemed now to meet reality.

   The Fairy and the Soul proceeded;

200         The silver clouds disparted;

And as the car of magic they ascended,

   Again the speechless music swelled,

   Again the coursers of the air

Unfurled their azure pennons, and the Queen

205         Shaking the beamy reins

         Bade them pursue their way.

         The magic car moved on.

   The night was fair, and countless stars

   Studded heaven’s dark blue vault,—

210         Just o’er the eastern wave

   Peeped the first faint smile of morn:—

         The magic car moved on—

         From the celestial hoofs

The atmosphere in flaming sparkles flew,

215         And where the burning wheels

Eddied above the mountain’s loftiest peak,

   Was traced a line of lightning.

   Now it flew far above a rock,

         The utmost verge of earth,

220   The rival of the Andes, whose dark brow

         Lowered o’er the silver sea.

   Far, far below the chariot’s path,

         Calm as a slumbering babe,

         Tremendous Ocean lay.

225   The mirror of its stillness shewed

         The pale and waning stars,

         The chariot’s fiery track,

         And the grey light of morn

         Tinging those fleecy clouds

230         That canopied the dawn.

   Seemed it, that the chariot’s way

Lay through the midst of an immense concave,

Radiant with million constellations, tinged

      With shades of infinite colour,

235      And semicircled with a belt

      Flashing incessant meteors.

         The magic car moved on.

         As they approached their goal

   The coursers seemed to gather speed;

240The sea no longer was distinguished; earth

   Appeared a vast and shadowy sphere;

         The sun’s unclouded orb

         Rolled through the black concave;

         Its rays of rapid light

245Parted around the chariot’s swifter course,

   And fell, like ocean’s feathery spray

         Dashed from the boiling surge

         Before a vessel’s prow.

         The magic car moved on.

250         Earth’s distant orb appeared

The smallest light that twinkles in the heaven;

      Whilst round the chariot’s way

      Innumerable systems rolled,

      And countless spheres diffused

255      An ever-varying glory.

   It was a sight of wonder: some

   Were horned like the crescent moon;

   Some shed a mild and silver beam

   Like Hesperus o’er the western sea;

260   Some dash’d athwart with trains of flame,

   Like worlds to death and ruin driven;

Some shone like suns, and as the chariot passed,

         Eclipsed all other light.

         Spirit of Nature! here!

265   In this interminable wilderness

   Of worlds, at whose immensity

      Even soaring fancy staggers,

      Here is thy fitting temple.

         Yet not the lightest leaf

270   That quivers to the passing breeze

         Is less instinct with thee:

         Yet not the meanest worm

That lurks in graves and fattens on the dead

      Less shares thy eternal breath.

275         Spirit of Nature! thou!

      Imperishable as this scene,

         Here is thy fitting temple.

II

If solitude hath ever led thy steps

   To the wild ocean’s echoing shore,

         And thou hast lingered there,

         Until the sun’s broad orb

5   Seemed resting on the burnished wave,

         Thou must have marked the lines

   Of purple gold, that motionless

         Hung o’er the sinking sphere:

   Thou must have marked the billowy clouds

10   Edged with intolerable radiancy

         Towering like rocks of jet

         Crowned with a diamond wreath.

         And yet there is a moment,

         When the sun’s highest point

15Peeps like a star o’er ocean’s western edge,

When those far clouds of feathery gold,

   Shaded with deepest purple, gleam

   Like islands on a dark blue sea;

Then has thy fancy soared above the earth,

20         And furled its wearied wing

         Within the Fairy’s fane.

      Yet not the golden islands

      Gleaming in yon flood of light,

         Nor the feathery curtains

25      Stretching o’er the sun’s bright couch,

      Nor the burnished ocean waves

         Paving that gorgeous dome,

   So fair, so wonderful a sight

As Mab’s etherial palace could afford.

30Yet likest evening’s vault, that faery Hall!

As Heaven, low resting on the wave, it spread

         Its floors of flashing light,

         Its vast and azure dome,

         Its fertile golden islands

35         Floating on a silver sea;

Whilst suns their mingling beamings darted

Through clouds of circumambient darkness,

   And pearly battlements around

   Looked o’er the immense of Heaven.

40      The magic car no longer moved.

         The Fairy and the Spirit

         Entered the Hall of Spells:

            Those golden clouds

      That rolled in glittering billows

45      Beneath the azure canopy

With the etherial footsteps trembled not:

         The light and crimson mists,

Floating to strains of thrilling melody

      Through that unearthly dwelling,

50Yielded to every movement of the will.

Upon their passive swell the Spirit leaned,

And, for the varied bliss that pressed around,

   Used not the glorious privilege

      Of virtue and of wisdom.

55         Spirit! the Fairy said,

   And pointed to the gorgeous dome,

         This is a wondrous sight

      And mocks all human grandeur;

But, were it virtue’s only meed, to dwell

60In a celestial palace, all resigned

To pleasurable impulses, immured

Within the prison of itself, the will

Of changeless nature would be unfulfilled.

Learn to make others happy. Spirit, come!

65This is thine high reward:—the past shall rise;

Thou shalt behold the present; I will teach

      The secrets of the future.

      The Fairy and the Spirit

Approached the overhanging battlement.—

70   Below lay stretched the universe!

   There, far as the remotest line

   That bounds imagination’s flight,

      Countless and unending orbs

   In mazy motion intermingled,

75   Yet still fulfilled immutably

         Eternal Nature’s law.

         Above, below, around

         The circling systems formed

      A wilderness of harmony;

80      Each with undeviating aim,

In eloquent silence, through the depths of space

         Pursued its wondrous way.

         There was a little light

That twinkled in the misty distance:

85         None but a spirit’s eye

         Might ken that rolling orb;

         None but a spirit’s eye,

         And in no other place

But that celestial dwelling, might behold

90Each action of this earth’s inhabitants.

         But matter, space and time

In those aërial mansions cease to act;

And all-prevailing wisdom, when it reaps

The harvest of its excellence, o’erbounds

95Those obstacles, of which an earthly soul

      Fears to attempt the conquest.

   The Fairy pointed to the earth.

   The Spirit’s intellectual eye

   Its kindred beings recognized.

100The thronging thousands, to a passing view,

   Seemed like an anthill’s citizens.

      How wonderful! that even

The passions, prejudices, interests,

That sway the meanest being, the weak touch

105         That moves the finest nerve,

         And in one human brain

Causes the faintest thought, becomes a link

      In the great chain of nature.

         Behold, the Fairy cried,

110   Palmyra’s ruined palaces!—

         Behold! where grandeur frowned;

         Behold! where pleasure smiled;

   What now remains?—the memory

         Of senselessness and shame—

115         What is immortal there?

         Nothing—it stands to tell

         A melancholy tale, to give

         An awful warning: soon

   Oblivion will steal silently

120         The remnant of its fame.

         Monarchs and conquerors there

   Proud o’er prostrate millions trod—

   The earthquakes of the human race;

   Like them, forgotten when the ruin

125         That marks their shock is past.

         Beside the eternal Nile,

         The Pyramids have risen.

   Nile shall pursue his changeless way:

         Those pyramids shall fall;

130      Yea! not a stone shall stand to tell

         The spot whereon they stood;

   Their very scite shall be forgotten,

         As is their builder’s name!

         Behold yon sterile spot;

135   Where now the wandering Arab’s tent

         Flaps in the desart-blast.

   There once old Salem’s haughty fane

Reared high to heaven its thousand golden domes,

   And in the blushing face of day

140      Exposed its shameful glory.

Oh! many a widow, many an orphan cursed

The building of that fane; and many a father,

Worn out with toil and slavery, implored

The poor man’s God to sweep it from the earth,

145And spare his children the detested task

Of piling stone on stone, and poisoning

         The choicest days of life,

         To soothe a dotard’s vanity.

There an inhuman and uncultured race

150Howled hideous praises to their Demon-God;

They rushed to war, tore from the mother’s womb

The unborn child,—old age and infancy

Promiscuous perished; their victorious arms

Left not a soul to breathe. Oh! they were fiends:

155But what was he who taught them that the God

Of nature and benevolence had given

A special sanction to the trade of blood?

His name and theirs are fading, and the tales

Of this barbarian nation, which imposture

160Recites till terror credits, are pursuing

   Itself into forgetfulness.

   Where Athens, Rome, and Sparta stood,

   There is a moral desart now:

   The mean and miserable huts,

165   The yet more wretched palaces,

   Contrasted with those antient fanes

   Now crumbling to oblivion;

   The long and lonely colonnades,

   Through which the ghost of Freedom stalks,

170         Seem like a well-known tune,

Which, in some dear scene we have loved to hear,

         Remembered now in sadness.

         But, oh! how much more changed,

         How gloomier is the contrast

175         Of human nature there!

Where Socrates expired, a tyrant’s slave,

A coward and a fool, spreads death around—

         Then, shuddering, meets his own.

Where Cicero and Antoninus lived,

180   A cowled and hypocritical monk

         Prays, curses and deceives.

         Spirit! ten thousand years

         Have scarcely past away,

Since, in the waste where now the savage drinks

185His enemy’s blood, and aping Europe’s sons,

      Wakes the unholy song of war,

      Arose a stately city,

Metropolis of the western continent:

   There, now, the mossy column-stone,

190Indented by time’s unrelaxing grasp,

         Which once appeared to brave

         All, save its country’s ruin;

         There the wide forest scene,

Rude in the uncultivated loveliness

195         Of gardens long run wild,

Seems, to the unwilling sojourner, whose steps

   Chance in that desart has delayed,

Thus to have stood since earth was what it is.

   Yet once it was the busiest haunt,

200Whither, as to a common centre, flocked

   Strangers, and ships, and merchandize:

         Once peace and freedom blest

         The cultivated plain:

         But wealth, that curse of man,

205Blighted the bud of its prosperity:

Virtue and wisdom, truth and liberty,

Fled, to return not, until man shall know

   That they alone can give the bliss

         Worthy a soul that claims

210   Its kindred with eternity.

      There’s not one atom of yon earth

         But once was living man;

      Nor the minutest drop of rain,

      That hangeth in its thinnest cloud,

215         But flowed in human veins:

         And from the burning plains

         Where Lybian monsters yell,

         From the most gloomy glens

         Of Greenland’s sunless clime,

220         To where the golden fields

         Of fertile England spread

         Their harvest to the day,

         Thou canst not find one spot

         Whereon no city stood.

225         How strange is human pride!

   I tell thee that those living things,

   To whom the fragile blade of grass,

         That springeth in the morn

         And perisheth ere noon,

230         Is an unbounded world;

   I tell thee that those viewless beings,

Whose mansion is the smallest particle

   Of the impassive atmosphere,

      Think, feel and live like man;

235That their affections and antipathies,

         Like his, produce the laws

         Ruling their moral state;

         And the minutest throb

      That through their frame diffuses

240         The slightest, faintest motion,

         Is fixed and indispensable

         As the majestic laws

         That rule yon rolling orbs.

      The Fairy paused. The Spirit,

245In extacy of admiration, felt

All knowledge of the past revived; the events

         Of old and wondrous times,

Which dim tradition interruptedly

Teaches the credulous vulgar, were unfolded

250   In just perspective to the view;

   Yet dim from their infinitude.

         The Spirit seemed to stand

High on an isolated pinnacle;

The flood of ages combating below,

255The depth of the unbounded universe

         Above, and all around

   Nature’s unchanging harmony.

III

         Fairy! the Spirit said,

         And on the Queen of Spells

         Fixed her etherial eyes,

         I thank thee. Thou hast given

5A boon which I will not resign, and taught

A lesson not to be unlearned. I know

The past, and thence I will essay to glean

A warning for the future, so that man

May profit by his errors, and derive

10         Experience from his folly:

For, when the power of imparting joy

Is equal to the will, the human soul

         Requires no other heaven.

MAB

         Turn thee, surpassing Spirit!

15         Much yet remains unscanned.

         Thou knowest how great is man,

         Thou knowest his imbecility:

         Yet learn thou what he is;

         Yet learn the lofty destiny

20         Which restless time prepares

         For every living soul.

Behold a gorgeous palace, that, amid

Yon populous city, rears its thousand towers

And seems itself a city. Gloomy troops

25Of centinels, in stern and silent ranks,

Encompass it around: the dweller there

Cannot be free and happy; hearest thou not

The curses of the fatherless, the groans

Of those who have no friend? He passes on:

30The King, the wearer of a gilded chain

That binds his soul to abjectness, the fool

Whom courtiers nickname monarch, whilst a slave

Even to the basest appetites—that man

Heeds not the shriek of penury; he smiles

35At the deep curses which the destitute

Mutter in secret, and a sullen joy

Pervades his bloodless heart when thousands groan

But for those morsels which his wantonness

Wastes in unjoyous revelry, to save

40All that they love from famine: when he hears

The tale of horror, to some ready-made face

Of hypocritical assent he turns,

Smothering the glow of shame, that, spite of him,

Flushes his bloated cheek.

                                 Now to the meal

45Of silence, grandeur, and excess, he drags

His palled unwilling appetite. If gold,

Gleaming around, and numerous viands culled

From every clime, could force the loathing sense

To overcome satiety,—if wealth

50The spring it draws from poisons not,—or vice,

Unfeeling, stubborn vice, converteth not

Its food to deadliest venom; then that king

Is happy; and the peasant who fulfills

His unforced task, when he returns at even,

55And by the blazing faggot meets again

Her welcome for whom all his toil is sped,

Tastes not a sweeter meal.

                                 Behold him now

Stretched on the gorgeous couch; his fevered brain

Reels dizzily awhile: but ah! too soon

60The slumber of intemperance subsides,

And conscience, that undying serpent, calls

Her venomous brood to their nocturnal task.

Listen! he speaks! oh! mark that frenzied eye—

Oh! mark that deadly visage.

KING

                                       No cessation!

65Oh! must this last forever! Awful death,

I wish, yet fear to clasp thee!—Not one moment

Of dreamless sleep! O dear and blessed peace!

Why dost thou shroud thy vestal purity

In penury and dungeons? Wherefore lurkest

70With danger, death, and solitude; yet shun’st

The palace I have built thee? Sacred peace!

Oh visit me but once, but pitying shed

One drop of balm upon my withered soul.

MAB

Vain man! that palace is the virtuous heart,

75And peace defileth not her snowy robes

In such a shed as thine. Hark! yet he mutters;

His slumbers are but varied agonies,

They prey like scorpions on the springs of life.

There needeth not the hell that bigots frame

80To punish those who err: earth in itself

Contains at once the evil and the cure;

And all-sufficing nature can chastise

Those who transgress her law,—she only knows

How justly to proportion to the fault

85The punishment it merits.

                                 Is it strange

That this poor wretch should pride him in his woe?

Take pleasure in his abjectness, and hug

The scorpion that consumes him? Is it strange

That, placed on a conspicuous throne of thorns,

90Grasping an iron sceptre, and immured

Within a splendid prison, whose stern bounds

Shut him from all that’s good or dear on earth,

His soul asserts not its humanity?

That man’s mild nature rises not in war

95Against a king’s employ? No—’tis not strange.

He, like the vulgar, thinks, feels, acts and lives

Just as his father did; the unconquered powers

Of precedent and custom interpose

Between a king and virtue. Stranger yet,

100To those who know not nature, nor deduce

The future from the present, it may seem,

That not one slave, who suffers from the crimes

Of this unnatural being; not one wretch,

Whose children famish, and whose nuptial bed

105Is earth’s unpitying bosom, rears an arm

To dash him from his throne!

                                       Those gilded flies

That, basking in the sunshine of a court,

Fatten on its corruption!—what are they?

—The drones of the community; they feed

110On the mechanic’s labour: the starved hind

For them compels the stubborn glebe to yield

Its unshared harvests; and yon squalid form,

Leaner than fleshless misery, that wastes

A sunless life in the unwholesome mine,

115Drags out in labour a protracted death,

To glut their grandeur; many faint with toil,

That few may know the cares and woe of sloth.

Whence, thinkest thou, kings and parasites arose?

Whence that unnatural line of drones, who heap

120Toil and unvanquishable penury

On those who build their palaces, and bring

Their daily bread?—From vice, black loathsome vice;

From rapine, madness, treachery, and wrong;

From all that genders misery, and makes

125Of earth this thorny wilderness; from lust,

Revenge, and murder … And when reason’s voice,

Loud as the voice of nature, shall have waked

The nations; and mankind perceive that vice

Is discord, war, and misery; that virtue

130Is peace, and happiness and harmony;

When man’s maturer nature shall disdain

The playthings of its childhood;—kingly glare

Will lose its power to dazzle; its authority

Will silently pass by; the gorgeous throne

135Shall stand unnoticed in the regal hall,

Fast falling to decay; whilst falsehood’s trade

Shall be as hateful and unprofitable

As that of truth is now.

                              Where is the fame

Which the vain-glorious mighty of the earth

140Seek to eternize? Oh! the faintest sound

From time’s light footfall, the minutest wave

That swells the flood of ages, whelms in nothing

The unsubstantial bubble. Aye! to-day

Stern is the tyrant’s mandate, red the gaze

145That flashes desolation, strong the arm

That scatters multitudes. To-morrow comes!

That mandate is a thunder-peal that died

In ages past; that gaze, a transient flash

On which the midnight closed, and on that arm

150The worm has made his meal.

                                       The virtuous man,

Who, great in his humility, as kings

Are little in their grandeur; he who leads

Invincibly a life of resolute good,

And stands amid the silent dungeon-depths

155More free and fearless than the trembling judge,

Who, clothed in venal power, vainly strove

To bind the impassive spirit;—when he falls,

His mild eye beams benevolence no more:

Withered the hand outstretched but to relieve;

160Sunk reason’s simple eloquence, that rolled

But to appal the guilty. Yes! the grave

Hath quenched that eye, and death’s relentless frost

Withered that arm: but the unfading fame

Which virtue hangs upon its votary’s tomb;

165The deathless memory of that man, whom kings

Call to their mind and tremble; the remembrance

With which the happy spirit contemplates

Its well-spent pilgrimage on earth,

Shall never pass away.

170Nature rejects the monarch, not the man;

The subject, not the citizen: for kings

And subjects, mutual foes, forever play

A losing game into each other’s hands,

Whose stakes are vice and misery. The man

175Of virtuous soul commands not, nor obeys.

Power, like a desolating pestilence,

Pollutes whate’er it touches; and obedience,

Bane of all genius, virtue, freedom, truth,

Makes slaves of men, and, of the human frame,

180A mechanized automaton.

                                 When Nero,

High over flaming Rome, with savage joy

Lowered like a fiend, drank with enraptured ear

The shrieks of agonizing death, beheld

The frightful desolation spread, and felt

185A new created sense within his soul

Thrill to the sight, and vibrate to the sound;

Thinkest thou his grandeur had not overcome

The force of human kindness? And, when Rome,

With one stern blow, hurled not the tyrant down,

190Crushed not the arm red with her dearest blood,

Had not submissive abjectness destroyed

Nature’s suggestions?

                           Look on yonder earth:

The golden harvests spring; the unfailing sun

Sheds light and life; the fruits, the flowers, the trees,

195Arise in due succession; all things speak

Peace, harmony, and love.