The Annotated Read Online
94 |
The force of those dire arms? Yet not for those | |
95 |
Nor what the potent victor in His rage | |
96 |
Can else inflict, do I repent, or change | |
97 |
(Though changed in outward luster) that fixed mind | |
98 |
And high disdain from sense of injured merit | |
99 |
That with the Mightiest raised me to contend | |
100 |
And to the fierce contentions1440 brought along | |
101 |
Innumerable 1441 force of Spirits armed | |
102 |
That durst dislike His reign and, me preferring | |
103 |
His utmost power with adverse1442 power opposed | |
104 |
In dubious1443 battle on the plains of Heav’n, | |
105 |
And shook His throne. What though the field be lost | |
106 |
All is not lost—the unconquerable will | |
107 |
And study 1444 of revenge, immortal hate | |
108 |
And courage never to submit or yield | |
109 |
And what is else not to be overcome | |
110 |
That glory never shall His wrath or might | |
111 | ||
112 |
With suppliant 1447 knee, and deify His power | |
113 | ||
114 |
Doubted 1451 His empire: that were low indeed | |
115 |
That were an ignominy and shame beneath | |
116 |
This downfall, since, by fate, the strength of gods | |
117 |
And this empyreal 1452 substance, cannot fail | |
118 |
Since, through experience of this great event | |
119 | ||
120 |
We may with more successful hope resolve | |
121 |
To wage by force or guile eternal war | |
122 |
Irreconcilable to our grand foe | |
123 |
Who now triumphs, and in th’ excess of joy | |
124 |
Sole reigning holds the tyranny of Heav’n.” | |
125 |
So spoke th’ apostate Angel, though in pain | |
126 |
Vaunting 1455 aloud, but racked with deep despair | |
127 |
And him thus answered, soon, his bold compeer:1456 | |
128 |
“O Prince, O chief of many thronèd Powers1457 | |
129 |
That led th’ embattled Seraphim1458 to war | |
130 |
Under thy conduct 1459 and, in dreadful deeds | |
131 |
Fearless, endangered Heav’n’s perpetual 1460 King | |
132 |
And put to proof 1461 His high supremacy | |
133 |
Whether upheld by strength, or chance, or fate | |
134 |
Too well I see and rue 1462 the dire event | |
135 |
That, with sad overthrow and foul defeat | |
136 |
Hath lost us Heav’n, and all this mighty host | |
137 |
In horrible destruction laid thus low | |
138 |
As far as gods and Heav’nly Essences 1463 | |
139 |
Can perish—for the mind and spirit remains | |
140 |
Invincible, 1464 and vigor soon returns | |
141 |
Though all our glory extinct, and happy state | |
142 |
Here swallowed up in endless misery | |
143 |
But what if He our conqueror (whom I now | |
144 |
Of force1465 believe almighty, since no less | |
145 |
Than such could have o’erpowered such force as ours | |
146 |
Have left us this our spirit and strength entire, 1466 | |
147 | ||
148 |
That we may so suffice1469 His vengeful ire | |
149 |
Or do Him mightier service as His thralls1470 | |
150 |
By right of war, whate’er His business be, | |
151 |
Here in the heart of Hell to work in fire | |
152 |
Or do His errands in the gloomy deep | |
153 |
What can it then avail, though yet we feel | |
154 |
Strength undiminished, or eternal being | |
155 |
To undergo eternal punishment | |
156 |
Whereto with speedy words th’ arch-fiend replied | |
157 |
“Fall’n Cherub, to be weak is miserable | |
158 |
Doing or suffering. But of this be sure | |
159 |
To do aught 1471 good never will be our task | |
160 |
But ever to do ill our sole delight | |
161 |
As being the contrary to His high will | |
162 |
Whom we resist. If then His providence | |
163 |
Out of our evil seek to bring forth good | |
164 |
Our labor must be to pervert that end | |
165 |
And out of good still 1472 to find means of evil | |
166 |
Which oft-times may succeed so as, perhaps | |
167 |
Shall grieve Him, if I fail not, and disturb1473 | |
168 | ||
169 |
“But see! the angry victor hath recalled | |
170 |
His ministers of vengeance and pursuit | |
171 |
Back to the gates of Heav’n. The sulphurous hail | |
172 | ||
173 |
The fiery surge1478 that from the precipice | |
174 |
Of Heav’n received us falling, and the thunder | |
175 |
Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage | |
176 |
Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now | |
177 |
To bellow through the vast and boundless deep | |
178 |
Let us not slip 1479 th’ occasion, whether scorn | |
179 |
Or satiate1480 fury yield it from our foe | |
180 |
“Seest thou yon dreary plain, forlorn and wild | |
181 |
The seat of desolation, void of light | |
182 |
Save what the glimmering of these livid 1481 flames | |
183 |
Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend 1482 | |
184 |
From off the tossing of these fiery waves | |
185 |
There rest, if any rest can harbor 1483 there | |
186 |
And, re-assembling our afflicted 1484 Powers | |
187 |
Consult how we may henceforth most offend 1485 | |
188 |
Our enemy, our own loss how repair | |
189 |
How overcome this dire calamity | |
190 |
What reinforcement we may gain from hope | |
191 |
If not, what resolution from despair | |
192 |
Thus Satan, talking to his nearest mate, 1486 | |
193 |
With head uplift above the wave, and eyes | |
194 |
That sparkling blazed, his other parts besides | |
195 |
Prone on the flood,1487 extended long and large | |
196 |
Lay floating many a rood,1488 in bulk as huge | |
197 |
As whom the fables name of monstrous size | |
198 | ||
199 |
Briareos or Typhon, whom the den | |
200 | ||
201 |
Leviathan,1493 which God of all His works | |
202 |
Created hugest that swim th’ ocean-stream | |
203 | ||
204 |
The pilot of some small night-foundered 1496 skiff | |
205 |
Deeming1497 some island, oft, as seamen tell | |
206 |
With fixed anchor in his scaly rind,1498 | |
207 |
Moors by his side under the lee, 1499 while night | |
208 |
Invests1500 the sea, and wishèd morn delays | |
209 |
So stretched out huge in length the arch-fiend lay | |
210 |
Chained on the burning lake, nor ever thence | |
211 |
Had risen or heaved 1501 his head, but that the will | |
212 |
And high permission of all-ruling Heav’n | |
213 |
Left him at large to his own dark designs | |
214 |
That with reiterated crimes he might | |
215 |
Heap on himself damnation, while he sought | |
216 |
Evil to others, and enraged might see | |
217 |
How all his malice served but to bring forth | |
218 |
Infinite goodness, grace, and mercy, shown | |
219 |
On man by him seduced, but on himself | |
220 |
Treble confusion,1502 wrath, and vengeance poured | |
221 |
Forthwith1503 upright he rears from off the pool | |
222 |
His mighty stature. On each hand the flames | |
223 |
Driv’n backward slope their pointing spires and, rolled | |
224 |
In billows, leave in th’ midst a horrid vale | |
225 |
Then with expanded 1504 wings he steers his flight | |
226 |
Aloft, incumbent1505 on the dusky air | |
227 |
That felt unusual weight, till on dry land | |
228 |
He lights1506 —if it were land that ever burned | |
229 |
With solid, as the lake with liquid fire | |
230 | ||
231 |
Of subterranean wind transports a hill | |
232 |
Torn from Pelorus,1509 or the shattered side | |
233 |
Of thundering Etna, whose combustible | |
234 |
And fuellèd entrails thence conceiving fire | |
235 |
Sublimed 1510 with mineral fury, aid the winds | |
236 | ||
237 |
With stench and smoke. Such resting found the sole | |
238 |
Of unblest feet. Him followed his next mate | |
239 | ||
240 |
As1515 gods, and by their own recovered strength | |
241 | ||
242 |
“Is this the region, this the soil, the clime | |
243 |
Said then the lost Archangel, “this the seat1518 | |
244 |
That we must change for Heav’n?—this mournful gloom | |
245 |
For that celestial light? Be it so, since He | |
246 | ||
247 |
What shall be right. Farthest from Him is best | |
248 |
Whom reason hath equalled, force hath made supreme | |
249 |
Above His equals. Farewell, happy fields | |
250 |
Where joy forever dwells! Hail, horrors! hail | |
251 |
Infernal world! and thou, profoundest1521 Hell | |
252 |
Receive thy new possessor—one who brings | |
253 |
A mind not to be changed by place or time | |
254 |
The mind is its own place, and in itself | |
255 |
Can make a Heav’n of Hell, a Hell of Heav’n. | |
256 |
What matter where, if I be still the same | |
257 |
And what I should be, all but 1522 less than He | |
258 |
Whom thunder hath made greater? Here at least | |
259 |
We shall be free. Th’Almighty hath not built | |
260 |
Here for His envy, will not drive us hence | |
261 |
Here we may reign secure and, in my choice | |
262 |
To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell | |
263 |
Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heav’n! | |
264 |
“But wherefore let we then our faithful friends | |
265 |
Th’ associates and co-partners of our loss | |
266 | ||
267 |
And call them not to share with us their part | |
268 |
In this unhappy mansion,1525 or once more | |
269 |
With rallied arms to try what may be yet | |
270 |
Regained in Heav’n, or what more lost in Hell | |
271 |
So Satan spoke; and him Beelzebub | |
272 |
Thus answered: “Leader of those armies bright | |
273 |
Which, but th’ Omnipotent, none could have foiled!1526 | |
274 |
If once they hear that voice, their liveliest pledge1527 | |
275 |
Of hope in fears and dangers—heard so oft | |
276 |
In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge | |
277 |
Of battle, when it raged, in all assaults | |
278 |
Their surest signal—they will soon resume | |
279 |
New courage and revive, though now they lie | |
280 |
Grovelling and prostrate on yon lake of fire | |
281 | ||
282 |
No wonder, fall’n such a pernicious1530 height | |
283 |
He scarce had ceased when the superior fiend | |
284 |
Was moving toward the shore, his ponderous shield | |
285 | ||
286 |
Behind him cast. The broad circumference | |
287 |
Hung on his shoulders like the moon, whose orb | |
288 | ||
289 |
At evening, from the top of Fesolé | |
290 |
Or in Valdarno, to descry1535 new lands | |
291 |
Rivers, or mountains in her spotty1536 globe | |
292 |
His spear—to equal which the tallest pine | |
293 |
Hewn on Norwegian hills to be the mast | |
294 | ||
295 |
He walked with, to support uneasy1539 steps | |
296 |
Over the burning marl,1540 not like those steps | |
297 |
On Heaven’s azure. And the torrid clime | |
298 | ||
299 |
Nathless1543 he so endured, till on the beach | |
300 |
Of that inflamèd 1544 sea he stood, and called | |
301 |
His legions, Angel forms, who lay entranced 1545 | |
302 |
Thick as autumnal leaves that strew the brooks | |
303 | ||
304 | ||
305 |
Afloat, when with fierce winds Orion armed 1550 | |
306 |
Hath vexed 1551 the Red-Sea coast, whose waves o’erthrew | |
307 | ||
308 |
While with perfidious1555 hatred they pursued | |
309 | ||
310 |
From the safe shore their floating carcases | |
311 |
And broken chariot-wheels. So thick bestrewn | |
312 |
Abject 1558 and lost, lay these, covering the flood | |
313 | ||
314 |
He called so loud that all the hollow deep | |
315 |
Of Hell resounded: “Princes, Potentates,1561 | |
316 |
Warriors, the Flow’r of Heav’n—once yours, now lost | |
317 |
If such astonishment1562 as this can seize | |
318 |
Eternal Spirits! Or have ye chosen this place | |
319 |
After the toil of battle to repose | |
320 |
Your wearied virtue, 1563 for the ease you find | |
321 |
To slumber here, as in the vales of Heav’n? | |
322 |
Or in this abject posture have ye sworn | |
323 |
To adore the conqueror, who now beholds | |
324 |
Cherub and Seraph rolling in the flood | |
325 | ||
326 |
His swift pursuers from Heav’n-gates discern | |
327 |
Th’ advantage, and descending, tread us down | |
328 |
Thus drooping, or with linkèd thunderbolts | |
329 | ||
330 |
Awake, arise, or be for ever fall’n!” | |
331 |
They heard, and were abashed, and up they sprung | |
332 | ||
333 |
On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread | |
334 |
Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake | |
335 |
Nor did they not perceive the evil plight | |
336 |
In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel | |
337 |
Yet to their general’s voice they soon obeyed | |
338 |
Innumerable. As when the potent rod | |
339 |
Of Amram’s son,1570 in Egypt’s evil day | |
340 |
Waved round the coast, up-called a pitchy1571 cloud | |
341 |
Of locusts, warping1572 on the eastern wind | |
342 |
That o’er the realm of impious Pharaoh hung | |
343 |
Like night, and darkened all the land of Nile | |
344 |
So numberless were those bad Angels seen | |
345 |
Hovering on wing under the cope1573 of Hell | |
346 |
’Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding fires | |
347 |
Till, as a signal giv’n, th’ uplifted spear | |
348 |
Of their great sultan waving to direct | |
349 |
Their course, in even balance down they light1574 | |
350 | ||
351 |
A multitude like which the populous North1577 | |
352 |
Poured never from her frozen loins to pass | |
353 |
Rhine or the Danau,1578 when her barbarous sons | |
354 |
Came like a deluge on the South and spread | |
355 |
Beneath1579 Gibraltar to the Libyan sands | |
356 |
Forthwith,1580 from every squadron and each band | |
357 |
The heads and leaders thither haste, where stood | |
358 |
Their great commander—godlike shapes, and forms | |
359 |
Excelling 1581 human; princely Dignities | |
360 |
And Powers that erst 1582 in Heav’n sat on thrones | |
361 |
Though of their names in Heav’nly records now | |
362 |
Be no memorial, blotted out and razed | |
363 |
By their rebellion, from the Books of Life. 1583 | |
364 |
Nor had they yet among the sons of Eve | |
365 |
Got them new names, till wand’ring o’er the earth | |
366 |
(Through God’s high sufferance)1584 for the trial 1585 of man | |
367 |
By falsities and lies the greatest part | |
368 |
Of mankind they corrupted to forsake | |
369 |
God their Creator, and th’ invisible | |
370 |
Glory of Him that made them to transform | |
371 |
Oft to the image of a brute, adorned | |
372 |
With gay 1586 religions full of pomp and gold | |
373 |
And devils to adore for deities | |
374 |
Then were they known to men by various names | |
375 |
And various idols through the heathen world | |
376 |
Say, Muse, their names then known, who first, who last | |
377 |
Roused from their slumber on that fiery couch,1587 | |
378 |
At their great emperor’s call, as next in worth | |
379 |
Came singly where he stood on the bare strand,1588 | |
380 | ||
381 |
The chief 1591 were those who, from the pit of Hell | |
382 |
Roaming to seek their prey on Earth, durst fix1592 | |
383 |
Their seats, long after, next the seat of God | |
384 |
Their altars by His altar, gods adored | |
385 |
Among the nations round, and durst abide1593 | |
386 |
Jehovah thundering out of Sion, throned | |
387 |
Between the Cherubim, yea, often placed | |
388 |
Within His sanctuary itself their shrines | |
389 |
Abominations!—and with cursèd things | |
390 |
His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned,1594 | |
391 |
And with their darkness durst affront 1595 His light | |
392 |
First, Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood | |
393 |
Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears | |
394 |
Though, for the noise of drums and timbrels1596 loud | |
395 |
Their children’s cries unheard that passed through fire | |
396 | ||
397 |
Worshipped in Rabba1599 and her wat’ry plain | |
398 | ||
399 |
Of utmost Arnon.1602 Nor content with such |
400
Audacious 1603 neighborhood, the wisest heart
401
Of Solomon he led by fraud to build
402
His1604 temple right against the temple of God
403
On that opprobrious 1605 hill, and made his grove
404
405
406
Next Chemos,1610 th’ obscene1611 dread 1612 of Moab’s1613 sons
407
408
409
410
The flow’ry dale of Sibma1620 clad with vines
411
412
Peor 1623 his other name, when he enticed
413
414
To do him wanton1626 rites, which cost them woe
415
Yet thence his lustful orgies he enlarged
416
Ev’n to that hill of scandal,1627 by the grove
417
Of Moloch homicide, lust hard by 1628 hate
418
Till good Josiah1629 drove them thence to Hell
419
With these came they who, from the bord’ring flood
420
421
Egypt from Syrian ground, had general names
422
423
These feminine. For Spirits, when they please
424
Can either sex assume, or both, so soft
425
And uncompounded 1634 is their essence pure
426
Not tied or manacled with joint or limb
427
Nor founded 1635 on the brittle strength of bones
428
Like cumbrous1636 flesh, but in what shape they choose
429
Dilated 1637 or condensed, bright or obscure
430
Can execute their airy purposes
431
And works of love or enmity 1638 fulfil
432
For those the race of Israel oft forsook
433
Their Living Strength, and unfrequented 1639 left
434
His righteous altar, bowing lowly down
435
To bestial gods, for which their heads as low
436
Bowed down in battle, sunk before the spear
437
Of despicable 1640 foes.
With these in troop
438
Came Astoreth,1641 w
439
Astarté, queen of heaven, with crescent horns
440
To whose bright image nightly by the moon
441
Sidonian1642 virgins paid their vows and songs
442
In Sion1643 also not unsung, where stood
443
Her temple on th’ offensive1644 mountain, built
444
445
Beguiled by fair idolatresses, fell
446
To idols foul.
Thammuz 1647 came next behind
447
Whose annual wound in Lebanon allured
448
The Syrian damsels to lament his fate
449
In amorous ditties all a summer’s day
450
While smooth Adonis1648 from his native rock
451
Ran purple to the sea, supposed with blood
452
Of Thammuz yearly wounded. The love-tale
453
Infected Sion’s daughters with like heat
454
Whose wanton passions in the sacred porch1649
455
Ezekiel 1650 saw, when by the vision led
456
His eye surveyed the dark idolatries
457
Of alienated Judah.1651
Next came one
458
Who mourned in earnest, when the captive ark 1652
459
Maimed his brute image, head and hands lopped off
460
461
Where he fell flat and shamed his worshippers
462
Dagon his name, sea-monster, upward man
463
And downward fish, yet 1655 had his temple high
464
Reared in Azotus,1656 dreaded through the coast
465
466
467
Him followed Rimmon,1661 whose delightful seat
468
Was fair Damascus, on the fertile banks
469
470
He also against the house of God was bold
471
A leper 1666 once he lost, and gained a king
472
473
God’s altar to disparage and displace
474
For one of Syrian mode, whereon to burn
475
His odious offerings, and adore the gods
476
Whom he1671 had vanquished.
After these appeared
477
A crew who, under names of old renown
478
Osiris, Isis, Orus, and their train—1672
479
With monstrous shapes and sorceries abused 1673
480
Fanatic Egypt and her priests to seek
481
Their wand’ring gods disguised in brutish forms
482
Rather than human. Nor did Israel scape
483
Th’ infection, when their borrowed gold composed 1674
484
485
486
Lik’ning his Maker to the grazèd ox—1680
487
Jehovah, who in one night, when he1681 passed
488
489
Both her first-born and all her bleating gods
490
Belial 1684 came last, than whom a Spirit more lewd
491
Fell not from Heaven, or more gross1685 to love
492
Vice for itself. To him no temple stood
493
Or altar smoked, yet who more oft than he
494
In temples and at altars, when the priest
495
Turns atheist, as did Eli’s sons, who filled
496
With lust and violence the house of God?1686
497
In courts and palaces he also reigns
498
And in luxurious1687 cities, where the noise
499
Of riot 1688 ascends above their loftiest tow’rs,
500
501
Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons
502
503
Witness the streets of Sodom,1693 and that night
504
In Gibeah,1694 when the hospitable door
505
506
These were the prime 1698 in order and in might.
507
508
Th’ Ionian gods—of Javan’s issue1701 held
509
Gods, yet confessed 1702 later than Heav’n and Earth,
510
Their boasted parents; Titan,1703 Heav’n’s first-born,
511
With his enormous brood, and birthright seized
512
By younger Saturn. He1704 from mightier Jove,
513
514
So Jove usurping reigned. These first in Crete
515
And Ida1707 known, thence on the snowy top
516
517
518
519
Of Doric land,1714 or who with Saturn old
520
521
And o’er the Celtic roamed the utmost isles.1717
522
All these and more came flocking, but with looks
523
Downcast and damp,1718 yet such wherein appeared
524
Obscure 1719 some glimpse of joy to have found their chief 1720
525
Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost
526
In loss itself, which on his countenance cast
527
Like1721 doubtful1722 hue. 1723 But he, his wonted 1724 pride
528
Soon recollecting, with high words that bore
529
Semblance1725 of worth, not substance, gently raised
530
Their fainting courage and dispelled their fears
531
Then straight 1726 commands that, at the warlike sound
532
533
His mighty standard.1729 That proud honor claimed
534
Azazel 1730 as his right, a Cherub tall
535
Who forthwith from the glittering staff 1731 unfurled
536
Th’ imperial ensign, which, full high advanced,1732
537
Shone like a meteor streaming to the wind
538
With gems and golden luster rich emblazed
539
Seraphic arms and trophies, all the while
540
Sonorous metal blowing martial sounds
541
At which the universal host up-sent
542
A shout that tore Hell’s concave, 1733 and beyond
543
Frighted the reign1734 of Chaos and old Night
544
All in a moment through the gloom were seen
545
Ten thousand banners rise into the air
546
With orient1735 colors waving. With them rose
547
A forest huge of spears, and thronging helms1736
548
Appeared, and serried1737 shields in thick array
549
Of depth immeasurable. Anon1738 they move
550
551
Of flutes and soft recorders1741 —such as raised
552
To height of noblest temper1742 heroes old
553
Arming to battle, and instead of rage
554
Deliberate valour breathed, firm, and unmoved
555
With dread of death to flight or foul retreat
556
557
With solemn touches troubled thoughts, and chase
558
Anguish and doubt and fear and sorrow and pain
559
From mortal or immortal minds. Thus they
560
Breathing united force with fixèd thought
561
Moved on in silence to soft pipes that charmed
562
Their painful steps o’er the burnt soil.
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