LeMaster, The New Mark Twain Handbook (New York, 1985)

Rasmussen, R. Kent, Mark Twain A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Writings (New York, 1995)

Tenney, Thomas Asa, Mark Twain: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1977). Annual supplements to this reference guide have been published in American Literary Realism (1977-1983) and the Mark Twain Circular (1984-present)

EDITIONS

Baetzhold, Howard G., and Joseph B. McCullough, eds., The Bible According to Mark Twain: Writings on Heaven, Eden, and the Flood (New York, 1996)

Budd, Louis J., ed., Mark Twain: Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches, and Essays, 2 vols. (New York, 1992)

Fatout, Paul, ed., Mark Twain Speaking (Iowa City, Iowa, 1976)

Kiskis, Michael, ed., Mark Twain’s Own Autobiography (Madison, Wis., 1990)

Zwick, Jim, ed., Mark Twain’s Weapons of Satire: Anti-Imperialist Writings on the Philippine-American War (Syracuse, N.Y., 1992)

BIOGRAPHY

Andrews, Kenneth R., Nook Farm: Mark Twain’s Hartford Circle (Cambridge, Mass., 1950)

Baetzhold, Howard G., Mark Twain and John Bull: The British Connection (Bloomington, Ind., 1970)

Fatout, Paul, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit (Bloomington, Ind., 1960)

Dolmetsch, Carl, “Our Famous Guest”: Mark Twain in Vienna (Athens, Ga. 1992)

Emerson, Everett, Mark Twain, a Literary Life (Philadelphia, 2000)

Ferguson, Delancey, Mark Twain: Man and Legend (New York, 1943)

Harris, Susan K., The Courtship of Olivia Langdon and Mark Twain (New York, 1996)

Hill, Hamlin, Mark Twain: God’s Fool (New York, 1973)

Kaplan, Fred, The Singular Mark Twain: A Biography (New York, 2003)

Kaplan, Justin, Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain, a Biography (New York, 1966)

Meltzer, Milton, Mark Twain Himself: A Pictorial Biography (Columbia, Mo., 2002)

Paine, Albert Bigelow, Mark Twain: A Biography, 3 vols. (New York, 1912)

Powers, Ron, Dangerous Water: A Biography of the Boy Who Became Mark Twain (New York, 1999)

Skandera-Trombley, Laura, Mark Twain in the Company of Women (Philadelphia, 1994)

Steinbrink, Jeffrey, Getting to Be Mark Twain (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1991)

Ward, Geoffrey C., and Dayton Duncan, with a preface by Ken Burns, Mark Twain (New York, 2001)

Wecter, Dixon, Sam Clemens of Hannibal (Boston, 1952)

CRITICISM

Bellamy, Gladys, Mark Twain as a Literary Artist (Norman, Okla., 1950)

Branch, Edgard M., The Literary Apprenticeship of Mark Twain (Urbana, Ill., 1950)

Bridgman, Richard, Traveling in Mark Twain (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1987)

Budd, Louis J., Mark Twain: Social Philosopher, rev. ed. (Columbia, Mo., 2001)

———, Our Mark Twain: The Making of His Public Personality (Philadelphia, 1983)

Covici, Pascal, Jr., Mark Twain’s Humor: The Image of a World (Dallas, Tex., 1962)

Cox, James M., Mark Twain: The Fate of Humor (Columbia, Mo., 2002)

DeVoto, Bernard, Mark Twain’s America (Boston, 1932)

Gerber, John, Mark Twain (New York, 1988)

Gibson, William M., The Art of Mark Twain (New York, 1976)

Gillman, Susan, Dark Twins: Imposture and Identity in Mark Twain’s America (Chicago, 1980)

Howells, William Dean, My Mark Twain (New York, 1910)

Krauth, Leland, Proper Mark Twain (Athens, Ga., 1999)

Lynn, Kenneth S., Mark Twain and Southwestern Humor (Boston, 1970)

Melton, Jeffrey Alan, Mark Twain, Travel Books, and Tourism: The Tide of a Great Popular Movement (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 2002)

Messent, Peter, Mark Twain (New York, 1997)

Michelson, Bruce, Mark Twain on the Loose: A Comic Writer and the American Self (Amherst, Mass., 1955)

Quirk, Tom, Mark Twain: A Study of the Short Fiction (New York, 1997)

Rogers, Franklin R., Mark Twain’s Burlesque Patterns as Seen in the Novels and Narratives, 1855-1885, (Dallas, Tex., 1955)

Sloane, David E. E., Mark Twain as a Literary Comedian (Baton Rouge, La., 1979)

Smith, Henry Nash, Mark Twain: The Development of a Writer (Cambridge, Mass., 1962)

CRITICISM ON ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN

Arac, Jonathan, Huckleberry Finn as Idol and Target: The Functions of Criticism in Our Time (Madison, Wis., 1997)

Blair, Walter, Mark Twain and Huck Finn (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1960)

Chadwick-Joshua, Jocelyn, The Jim Dilemma: Reading Race in Huckleberry Finn (Jackson, Miss., 1998)

Doyno, Victor A., Writing “Huck Finn”: Mark Twain’s Creative Process (Philadelphia, 1992)

Fishkin, Shelley Fisher, Was Huck Black?: Mark Twain and African-American Voices (New York, 1993)

Inge, M. Thomas, Huck Finn among the Critics: A Centennial Selection (Frederick, Md., 1985)

Mensh, Elaine, and Harry Mensh, Black, White, and Huckleberry Finn: Re-Imagining the American Dream (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 2000)

Quirk, Tom, Coming to Grips with Huckleberry Finn (Columbia, Mo., 1993)

Sattelmeyer, Robert, and J. Donald Crowley, eds., One Hundred Years of “Huckleberry Finn” (Columbia, Mo., 1985)

Twain, Mark, The Annotated Huckleberry Finn, edited by Michael Patrick Hearn (New York, 2001)

Wieck, Carl, Refiguring Huckleberry Finn (Athens, Ga., 2000)

Note on Texts

In some instances, I have supplied titles for excerpted pieces because the chapter title or running head was not especially descriptive of the text at hand. Whenever possible, the texts used are taken from the first American book publication of the text in question.

The text for “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” is taken from The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches (New York: C. H. Webb Publisher, 1867). “How I Edited an Agricultural Journal Once” was first published in the Galaxy for July, 1870, the source for the text printed here. “An Encounter with an Interviewer” first appeared in the volume Lotus Leaves, edited by John Brougham and John Elderkin (Boston: William F. Gill and Co., 1875), the source for the text printed here. “A True Story, Repeated Word for Word as I Heard It” first appeared in Atlantic Monthly for November, 1874, the source of the text printed here.

The texts for the following selections were derived from the first American edition published by The American Publishing Company of Hartford, Connecticut: “The Sea of Galilee” and “At the Tomb of Adam” are from The Innocents Abroad (1869). The texts for “The Story of the Old Ram,” “Buck Fanshaw’s Funeral,” and “Letters from Greeley” are from Roughing It (1872). The text for “Colonel Sellers Entertains Washington Hawkins” is from The Gilded Age (1873) which was jointly written with Charles Dudley Warner. The texts for “Jim Baker’s Blue-Jay Yarn” and “The Hair Trunk” are taken from A Tramp Abroad (1880). The text for “Pudd’nhead Wilson’s Calendar” is from The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins (1894). The texts for “Pudd’nhead Wilson’s New Calendar” and “Decimating the Savages” are from the first American edition of Following the Equator (1897).

“A Boy’s Ambition,” “Perplexing Lessons,” and “Continued Perplexities” first appeared in “Old Times on the Mississippi,” serialized in the Atlantic Monthly from January to August, 1875; they were later included as Chapters 4, 8, and 9 of Life on the Mississippi. The texts for these selections, along with “The River and Its History,” “Sunrise on the River,” and “The House Beautiful,” are taken from the first American edition of Life on the Mississippi (Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1883).

The text for Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, with one notable exception, derives from the first American edition of the novel (New York: Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885). Following the example of Bernard DeVoto’s Portable Mark Twain, the “raftsmen episode,” first published in Chapter 3 of Life on the Mississippi, but originally intended as part of the novel, has been restored as part of Chapter 16 of Huckleberry Finn.

“The Private History of a Campaign That Failed” was first published in the Century Magazine, December, 1885 and is the source for this text. The texts for “The Yankee in Search of Adventure” and “The Holy Fountain” are from the first American edition of A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (New York: Charles L. Webster & Company, 1889).

Mark Twain wrote “Extracts from Adam’s Diary” in 1892 and asked his business manager, Fred Hall, to place it in either Cosmopolitan or Century magazine.