“Monomyth Structure in The Red Badge of Courage,” American Literary Realism 20 (Fall 1987): 45-55.

Shaw, Mary Neff. “Henry Fleming’s Heroics in The Red Badge of Courage,” Studies in the Novel 22 (1990): 418-28.

READINGS ON CRANE’S SHORT FICTION

Autrey, Max L. “The Word Out of the Sea: A View of Crane’s ‘The Open Boat,’ ” Arizona Quarterly 30 (1974): 101-10.

Billingslea, Oliver. “Why Does the Oiler Drown? Perception and Cosmic Chill in ‘The Open Boat,’ ” American Literary Realism 27 (Fall 1994): 23-41.

Brown, Bill. “Interlude: The Agony of Play in ‘The Open Boat,’ ” Arizona Quarterly 45 (Autumn 1989): 23-46.

Ditsky, John. “The Music in ‘The Open Boat,’ ” North Dakota Quarterly 56 (Winter 1988): 119-30.

Dudley, John. “ ‘Subtle Brotherhood’ in Stephen Crane’s Tales of Adventure: Alienation, Anxiety, and the Rites of Motherhood,” American Literary Realism 34 (Winter 2002): 95-118.

Eye, Stefanie Bates. “Fact, Not Fiction: Questioning Our Assumptions About Crane’s ‘The Open Boat,’ ” Studies in Short Fiction 35 (Winter 1998): 65-76.

Feaster, John. “Violence and the Ideology of Capitalism: A Reconsideration of Crane’s ‘The Blue Hotel,’ ” American Literary Realism 25 (Fall 1992): 74-94.

Kimball, Sue L. “Circles and Squares: The Designs of Stephen Crane’s ‘The Blue Hotel,’” Studies in Short Fiction 17 (1980): 425-30.

Metress, Christopher. “From Indifference to Anxiety: Knowledge and the Reader in ‘The Open Boat,’ ” Studies in Short Fiction 28 (1991): 47-53.

Monteiro, George. “Text and Picture in ‘The Open Boat,’ ” Journal of Modern Literature 11 (July 1984): 307-11.

Petite, Joseph. “Expressionism and Stephen Crane’s ‘The Blue Hotel,’ ” Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 10 (August 1989): 322-27.

Schirmer, Gregory A. “Becoming Interpreters: The Importance of Tone in Crane’s ‘The Open Boat,’ ” American Literary Realism 15 (Autumn 1982): 221-31.

Schulman, Robert. “Community, Perception and the Development of Stephen Crane: From Red Badge to ‘Open Boat,’ ” American Literature 50 (November 1978): 441-60.

Vorpahl, Ben Merchant. “Murder by the Minute: Old and New in ‘The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky,’ ” Nineteenth-Century Fiction 26 (September 1971): 196-218.

Wolford, Chester L. Stephen Crane: A Study of the Short Fiction . Boston: Twayne, 1989.

Wolter, Jurgen. “Drinking, Gambling, Fighting, Paying: Structure and Determinism in ‘The Blue Hotel,’ ” American Literary Realism 12 (1979): 285-98.

Zanger, Jules. “Stephen Crane’s ‘Bride’ as Countermyth of the West,” Great Plains Quarterly 11 (Summer 1991): 157-65.

READINGS ON CRANE’S POETRY

Basye, Robert C. “Color Imagery in Stephen Crane’s Poetry,” American Literary Realism 13 (1980): 122-31.

Blair, John. “The Posture of a Bohemian in the Poetry of Stephen Crane,” American Literature 61 (May 1989): 215-29.

Hoffman, Daniel G. The Poetry of Stephen Crane. New York: Columbia University Press, 1957.

Westbrook, Max. “Stephen Crane’s Poetry: Perspective and Arrogance,” Bucknell Review 11 (December 1963): 24-34.

A Note on the Texts

Three distinct versions of The Red Badge of Courage exist: the truncated newspaper serialization, an incomplete manuscript version, and the edition published the first week in October 1895 by D. Appleton and Company of New York. Despite the debate over the past few years about which is the “authentic” Red Badge, like most editors I have chosen to reproduce the Appleton edition, the final version of the novel Crane revised in proof and supervised through the press, emended for consistency in minor typographical matters.

“The Veteran” is reprinted from the D. Appleton edition of The Little Regiment and Other Episodes of the American Civil War (New York: Appleton, 1896); “The Open Boat” and “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” from The Open Boat and Other Tales of Adventure (New York: Doubleday, 1899); and “The Blue Hotel” from The Monster and Other Stories (New York: Harper & Bros., 1899). “A Self-Made Man” is reprinted from its first publication in Cornhill Magazine, ns 6 (March 1899), pp. 324-29.

“The Black Riders” verses III, VI, and XXIV are reprinted from Crane’s The Black Riders and Other Lines (Boston: Copeland and Day, 1895); and “A Newspaper is a Collection of Half-Injustices,” “Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War is Kind,” and “The Trees in the Garden Rained Flowers” are reprinted from Crane’s War is Kind (New York: Stokes, 1899).

THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE

AN EPISODE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

CHAPTER I

The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting.