Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There

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‘Oh, Kitty! how nice it would be if we could only get through into Looking-glass House! I’m sure it’s got, oh! such beautiful things in it! Let’s pretend there’s a way of getting through into it, somehow, Kitty. Let’s pretend the glass has got all soft like gauze, so that we can get through. Why, it’s turning into a sort of mist now, I declare! It’ll be easy enough to get through –’ She was up on the chimney-piece while she said this, though she hardly knew how she had got there. And certainly the glass was beginning to melt away, just like a bright silvery mist.

In another moment Alice was through the glass, and had jumped lightly down into the Looking-glass room.

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LEWIS CARROLL

Through the
Looking-Glass

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INTRODUCED BY
CHRIS RIDDELL

Illustrations by JOHN TENNIEL

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PUFFIN

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First published 1871

Published in Puffin Books 1948

Published with Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland in one volume 1962

Published in Puffin Classics 1984

Reissued in this edition 2010

Introduction copyright © Chris Riddell, 2010
Endnotes copyright © Penguin Books, 2010

All rights reserved

Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

ISBN: 978-0-14-194670-2

INTRODUCTION BY
CHRIS RIDDELL

‘Which Alice book do you prefer?’ a writer once asked me. ‘Wonderland or Through the Looking-Glass?’ He maintained that all readers could be divided into two types: those who loved the playing-card world of Wonderland and those who preferred the chessboard landscape of Through the Looking-Glass.

It is a difficult choice. Both books are full of Carroll’s fantastic characters, beautifully illustrated by Sir John Tenniel. I’ve always loved Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland – the white rabbit with his immaculate waistcoat and fobwatch, the Madhatter’s tea party and the Mock Turtle’s songs. Through the Looking-Glass, on the other hand, has Tweedledum and Tweedledee, Humpty Dumpty and the wonderful White Knight.

Like Tenniel, Lewis Carroll’s superb illustrator, I am a political cartoonist and I have often borrowed the great man’s creations, ‘with apologies to Tenniel’, in my cartoons. I’ve drawn government ministers as Tweedledum and Tweedledee, several prime ministers as Humpty Dumpty falling off high walls and, once, an iron lady on the White Knight’s horse.

In many ways Through the Looking-Glass is a mirror image of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The first book begins outdoors, beside a river on a warm summer’s day, while Through the Looking-Glass begins indoors, in a sitting room on a cold winter’s night six months later. In Wonderland Alice grows and shrinks in size, while in the Looking-Glass world time moves backwards and Alice has to run at full pelt to stay in one place. As the Red Queen tells her, ‘Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you need to run at least twice as fast as that!’ Later the White Queen explains that the advantage of living backwards is that the memory works both ways and that she can remember things that happened the week after next, for instance: ‘There’s the King’s Messenger. He’s in prison now, being punished; and the trial doesn’t even begin till next Wednesday; and of course the crime comes last of all.’ The King’s messenger is a familiar face from Wonderland.

Both worlds are absurd and funny, but it is the poems that make Through the Looking-Glass so special for me. This book includes two of the greatest nonsense poems ever written. In ‘The Walrus and the Carpenter’ two absurd characters wander along the seashore with smartly dressed oysters tripping along behind them:

Their coats were brushed, their faces washed,

Their shoes were clean and neat –

And this was odd, because, you know,

They hadn’t any feet.

The Walrus charms the oysters with my favourite lines in the poem:

‘The time has come,’ the Walrus said,

‘To talk of many things:

Of shoes – and ships – and sealing-wax –

Of cabbages – and kings –

And why the sea is boiling hot –

And whether pigs have wings.’

I’ve drawn my fair share of winged pigs as a cartoonist.

But what makes Through the Looking-Glass a classic is the short poem in mirror-writing in the very first chapter. Alice holds it up to the looking-glass in order to read ‘Jabberwocky’. The nonsense words it contains have made their way into the English language – ‘chortled’, ‘burbled’, ‘whiffling’ and, of course, ‘galumphing’. Other words light up the imagination like fireworks:

’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves,

Did gyre and gamble in the wabe;

All mimsy were the borogoves,

And the mome raths outgrabe.

If you want to know what that means, try Humpty Dumpty’s explanations in chapter six.

So, in answer to that writer’s question, I think I’d have to choose the back-to-front chessboard world of Through the Looking-Glass where, brillig or not, I’d happily gyre and gimble in the wabe until those mome raths finally outgrabe.

Contents

Preface

1   Looking-Glass House

2   The Garden of Live Flowers

3   Looking-Glass Insects

4   Tweedledum and Tweedledee

5   Wool and Water

6   Humpty Dumpty

7   The Lion and the Unicorn

8   ‘It’s My Own Invention’

9   Queen Alice

10 Shaking

11 Waking

12 Which Dreamed It?

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ

(As arranged before commencement of game)

WHITE RED
PIECES PAWNS PIECES PAWNS
Tweedledee Daisy Daisy Humpty Dumpty
Unicorn Haigha Messenger Carpenter
Sheep Oyster Oyster Walrus
W. Queen ‘Lily’ Tiger-lily R. Queen
W. King Fawn Rose R. King
Aged man Oyster Frog Crow
W. Knight Hatta Oyster R. Knight
Tweedledum Daisy Daisy Lion

RED

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WHITE

White Pawn (Alice) to play, and win in eleven moves

PAGE PAGE
1. Alice meets R.Q. 25 1. R.Q. to K.R.’s 4th 32
2. Alice through Q.’s 3d (by railway) 34 2. W.Q. to Q.B.’s 4th (after shawl) 65
to Q.’s 4th (Tweedledum and Tweedledee) 47
3.