W. De Forest in New Haven,” New York Times Saturday Review, 17 December 1898, p. 856.

8 . Correspondence, p. 322.

9 . “The Best Recent Novels,” New York Independent, 21 November 1895, p. 1579; William M. Payne, “Recent Fiction,” Dial, 1 February 1896, p. 80; A. C. McClurg, “The Red Badge of Hysteria,” Dial, 16 April 1896, pp. 227-28.

10 . A. C. Sedgwick, Nation, 2 July 1896, p. 15.

11 . Ernest Hemingway, The Green Hills of Africa (New York: Scribner’s, 1935), p. 16.

12 . Correspondence, p. 161.

13 . Charles C. Walcutt, American Literary Realism: A Divided Stream (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956), pp. 79, 81, 82.

14 . Milne Holton, Cylinder of Vision: The Fiction and Journalistic Writing of Stephen Crane (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972), p. 100.

15 . John Condor, Naturalism in American Fiction: The Classic Phase (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1984), p. 63.

16 . Sergio Perosa, “Naturalism and Impressionism in Stephen Crane’s Fiction,” in Stephen Crane: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Maurice Bassan (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967), p. 88.

17 .