Burke has
carefully kept out of sight. He begins his account by saying:
"History will record that on the morning of the 6th October, 1789,
the King and Queen of France, after a day of confusion, alarm,
dismay, and slaughter, lay down under the pledged security of public
faith to indulge nature in a few hours of respite, and troubled
melancholy repose." This is neither the sober style of history, nor
the intention of it. It leaves everything to be guessed at and
mistaken. One would at least think there had been a battle; and a
battle there probably would have been had it not been for the
moderating prudence of those whom Mr. Burke involves in his censures.
By his keeping the Garde du Corps out of sight Mr. Burke has afforded
himself the dramatic licence of putting the King and Queen in their
places, as if the object of the expedition was against them. But to
return to my account this conduct of the Garde du Corps, as might well
be expected, alarmed and enraged the Partisans. The colors of the
cause, and the cause itself, were become too united to mistake the
intention of the insult, and the Partisans were determined to call
the Garde du Corps to an account. There was certainly nothing of the
cowardice of assassination in marching in the face of the day to
demand satisfaction, if such a phrase may be used, of a body of armed
men who had voluntarily given defiance. But the circumstance which
serves to throw this affair into embarrassment is, that the enemies
of the Revolution appear to have encouraged it as well as its
friends. The one hoped to prevent a civil war by checking it in time,
and the other to make one. The hopes of those opposed to the
Revolution rested in making the King of their party, and getting him
from Versailles to Metz, where they expected to collect a force and
set up a standard. We have, therefore, two different objects
presenting themselves at the same time, and to be accomplished by the
same means: the one to chastise the Garde du Corps, which was the
object of the Partisans; the other to render the confusion of such a
scene an inducement to the King to set off for Metz.
On the 5th of October a very numerous body of women, and men in the
disguise of women, collected around the Hotel de Ville or town-hall
at Paris, and set off for Versailles. Their professed object was the
Garde du Corps; but prudent men readily recollect that mischief is
more easily begun than ended; and this impressed itself with the more
force from the suspicions already stated, and the irregularity of
such a cavalcade. As soon, therefore, as a sufficient force could be
collected, M. de la Fayette, by orders from the civil authority of
Paris, set off after them at the head of twenty thousand of the Paris
militia. The Revolution could derive no benefit from confusion, and
its opposers might. By an amiable and spirited manner of address he
had hitherto been fortunate in calming disquietudes, and in this he
was extraordinarily successful; to frustrate, therefore, the hopes of
those who might seek to improve this scene into a sort of justifiable
necessity for the King's quitting Versailles and withdrawing to Metz,
and to prevent at the same time the consequences that might ensue
between the Garde du Corps and this phalanx of men and women, he
forwarded expresses to the King, that he was on his march to
Versailles, by the orders of the civil authority of Paris, for the
purpose of peace and protection, expressing at the same time the
necessity of restraining the Garde du Corps from firing upon the
people.*[3]
He arrived at Versailles between ten and eleven at night. The Garde
du Corps was drawn up, and the people had arrived some time before,
but everything had remained suspended. Wisdom and policy now
consisted in changing a scene of danger into a happy event. M. de la
Fayette became the mediator between the enraged parties; and the
King, to remove the uneasiness which had arisen from the delay
already stated, sent for the President of the National Assembly, and
signed the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and such other parts of
the constitution as were in readiness.
It was now about one in the morning. Everything appeared to be
composed, and a general congratulation took place. By the beat of a
drum a proclamation was made that the citizens of Versailles would
give the hospitality of their houses to their fellow-citizens of
Paris. Those who could not be accommodated in this manner remained in
the streets, or took up their quarters in the churches; and at two
o'clock the King and Queen retired.
In this state matters passed till the break of day, when a fresh
disturbance arose from the censurable conduct of some of both
parties, for such characters there will be in all such scenes. One of
the Garde du Corps appeared at one of the windows of the palace, and
the people who had remained during the night in the streets accosted
him with reviling and provocative language. Instead of retiring, as
in such a case prudence would have dictated, he presented his musket,
fired, and killed one of the Paris militia. The peace being thus
broken, the people rushed into the palace in quest of the offender.
They attacked the quarters of the Garde du Corps within the palace,
and pursued them throughout the avenues of it, and to the apartments
of the King. On this tumult, not the Queen only, as Mr. Burke has
represented it, but every person in the palace, was awakened and
alarmed; and M.
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